SCROPHULARIACEAE (FIGWORT FAMILY) 719 



* * Anther-cells equal ; capsule 1-4-seeded. 



24. Melampyrum. Calyx 4-cleft. Ovary 2-celled, 4-ovuled. Capsule flat, oblique. 



* * * Anther-cells equal ; capsule inany-several-seeded. 



25. Euphrasia. Calyx 4-cleft. Upper lip of the corolla 2-lobed, and sides folded back. Capsule 



oblong-. 



26. Odontites. Calyx 4-cleft. Upper lip of corolla entire, and sides not folded back. 



27. Pedicularis. Calyx not inflated. Capsule ovate or sword-shaped ; seeds wingless. 



28. Rhinanthus. Calyx inflated, ovate. Capsule orbicular ; seeds winged. 



29. Schwalbea. Calyx 5-toothed, very oblique, the uppermost tooth much the smallest. 



1. VERBASCUM [Tourn.] L. MULLEIN 



Calyx 5-parted. Corolla 5-lobed, open or concave ; the lobes broad and 

 rounded, a little unequal. Style flattened at the apex. Capsule globular, many- 

 seeded. Tall and usually woolly biennial herbs ; the leaves of the stem sessile, 

 often decurrent. Flowers in large terminal spikes or racemes, ephemeral, in 

 summer. (The ancient Latin name, altered from Barbascum.} 



1. V. THAPSUS L. (COMMON M.) Densely woolly throughout; stem tall 

 and stout, simple, winged by the decurrent bases of the oblong acute leaves; 

 flowers yellow, very rarely white, in a prolonged and very dense cylindrical 

 spike ; lower stamens usually beardless. Fields, rocky or gravelly banks, etc., 

 a common weed. (Nat. from Eu.) 



2. V. PHLOMOIDES L. Similar, but the sessile leaves not at all or only 

 slightly decurrent. Locally from N. E. to Ky. (Nat. from Eu.) 



3. V. BLATTARIA L. (Moxn M.) Green and smoothish, or somewhat glan- 

 dular-pubescent above, slender; lower leaves petioled, oblong, doubly serrate, 

 sometimes lyre-shaped, the upper partly clasping ; raceme loose, the pedicels 

 longer than the fruit ; filaments all bearded with violet wool. Roadsides and 

 waste places, w. Me. to Ont., and southw., local. Corolla either yellow, or (in 

 var. ALBIFL6RUM Ktze.) white with a tinge of purple. (Nat. from Eu.) 



4. V. VIRGATUM Stokes. Similar to the preceding species, but somewhat 

 more pubescent and glandular ; pedicels shorter than the fruit. Roadsides, 

 Cape Breton I. (Macoun*) and Cal. (Adv. from Eu.) 



5. V. LYCHNITIS L. (WHITE M.) Clothed with thin powdery woolliness; 

 stem and branches angled above ; leaves ovate, acute, not decurrent, greenish 

 above ; flowers yellow, rarely white, in a pyramidal panicle; filaments with 

 whitish wool. Fields, etc., Mass, to N. J., Pa., and Ont., rather rare. (Adv. 

 from Eu.) 



2. LINARIA [Tourn.] Hill. TOADFLAX 



Calyx 5-parted. Corolla spurred at base on the lower side (in abnormal 

 specimens sometimes regularly 5-spurred). Capsule thin, opening below the 

 summit by 1 or more pores or chinks. Seeds many. Herbs, with at least all 

 the upper leaves alternate (in ours), flowering in summer. (Name from Linum, 

 the Flax, which some species resemble in their foliage.) 



* Erect or ascending, with narrow entire leaves. 

 t- Flowers yellow. 



1. L. VULGAR is Hill. (RAMSTED, BUTTER AND EGGS.) Glabrous, erect, 1.3 m. 

 or less high; leaves pale, linear or nearly so, extremely numerous, subalter- 

 nate ; raceme dense ; corolla 2-3 cm. long or more, including the slender subu- 

 late spur ; seeds winged. Fields and roadsides, throughout our range. (Nat. 

 from Eu.) 



2. L. SUP!NA Desf. Diffusely branched at base, 1-2.5 dm. high ; leaves linear, 

 the lower whorled ; racemes short, few-flowered ; corolla rather smaller than in 

 the preceding. Ballast and waste land along the coast. (Adv. from Eu.) 



