SCROPHULARIACEAE (FIGWORT FAMILY) 721 



C. Bf COLOR Benth., of Cal., differing in its very short-ped uncled flowers, has 

 been found " introduced " in a wooded ravine at Galesburg, 111. (C. Z. Nelson). 



2. C. violacea Nutt. Similar to no. 1 ; upper leaves lanceolate; corolla vio- 

 let. Rich soil, w. Mo. and e. Kan. to Tex. Apr., May. 



3. C. parviflbra Lindl. Small ; lower leaves ovate or rounded, the upper 

 oblong-lanceolate, mostly entire ; whorls 2-G-flowered ; flowers short-peduncled ; 

 the small blue and white corolla 5-8 mm. long, slightly exceeding the calyx. 

 Rich soil and limy gravel, Out., n. Mich., and westw. May, June. 



5. SCROPHULARIA [Tourn.] L. FIG WORT 



Calyx deeply 5-cleft. Stamens declined, with the anther-cells transverse and 

 confluent into 1. Capsule many -seeded. Rank herbs, with mostly opposite 

 leaves, and small greenish-purple or lurid flowers in loose cymes, forming a 

 terminal slender panicle. (So called because a reputed remedy for scrofula.) 



1. S. marilandica L. Perennial, 1-1.7 m. high, with knotted root and square 

 stem, glandular-puberulent in the open pyramidal inflorescence, otherwise gla- 

 brous ; leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, mostly acuminate, serrate or somewhat 

 incised ; dorsal lobes of the corolla suborbicular, little longer than the others ; 

 rudimentary stamen brownish-purple; capsule thin, subglobose, with short con- 

 ical summit. {S. nodosa, var. Gray.) Rich open woods, e. Mass, to S. C., 

 Kan., and La. July-Sept. 



2. S. Iepor611a Bicknell. Of similar habit, foliage, and pubescence ; root 

 more simple ; inflorescence slender, elongated ; dorsal lobes of the corolla broadly 

 oblong, erect, considerably longer than the others ; rudimentary stamen yellow- 

 ish-green; capsule ovoid-conical, of firmer texture. Rich open woods, N. B. 

 and Que. to Minn., Mo., and Va. May-Sept. 



S. AQUATICA L., with crenate oblong very obtuse leaves (often biauriculate at 

 the base) and calyx-lobes with broad scarious margin, has been found upon 

 ballast in N. Y., N. J., and Pa. (Adv. from Eurasia.) 



6. PENTSTEMON [Mitchell] Ait. BEARD-TONGUE 



Calyx 5-parted. Corolla tubular, gradually or abruptly dilated in the throat, 

 more or less 2-lipped ; upper lip 2-lobed, the lower 3-cleft. Fertile stamens 4, 

 declined at base, ascending above, the fifth sterile filament either naked or 

 bearded. Seeds numerous. Perennials, with opposite entire or toothed leaves, 

 the upper sessile and mostly, clasping. Flowers mostly showy, thyrsoid or in 

 open racemose panicles. (Name from TT^VTC, five, and ffr-q^wv, in the sense of 

 stamen ; the fifth stamen being present and conspicuous, although sterile.) 



a. Inflorescence viscid or glandular, at least minutely so ; leaves toothed or 



entire b. 



b. Middle and lower internodes pubescent or at least finely puberulent c. 

 c. Corolla slender, tubular or trumpet-shaped, without marked inflation 



of the throat. 



Middle and lower internodes somewhat loosely pubescent ; panicle 

 mostly loose and open ; corolla-limb suberect, not widely ex- 

 panding 1. P. hirsutus. 



Middle and lower internodes minutely granular-puberulent; pan- 

 icle mostly strict and racemiform ; corolla-limb ringent or 



flaring 2. P. graeilis. 



c. Corolla with a decidedly dilated ventricose or campanulate open throat. 



Corolla 3.5-5 cm. long; throat 2 cm. in diameter .... 3. P. Cobaea. 

 Corolla 2-3 cm. long ; throat about 1 cm. in diameter. 



Inflorescence loosely paniculate ; capsules 6-8 mm. long . . 4. P. canescens. 

 Inflorescence a strict dense racemiform panicle ; capsules 10-12 



mm. long 5. P. albidus. 



b. Middle and lower internodes entirely smooth and glabrous. 



Corolla-limb subrotate, the lobes widely spreading . . . 6. P. tubiflorus. 



Corolla-limb erect or but slightly spreading 1. P. laemgatus. 



a. Inflorescence glabrous; leaves entire. 



Corolla with a distinct ventricose throat. 



Corolla 4-5 cm. long ; stem-leaves oval to suborbicular ... 8. P. grandiflorus. 

 Corolla 2.8-3.7 cm. long; stem-leaves ovate lanceolate to narrowly 



oblong 9. P. glaber. 



Corolla trumpet-shaped, about 2 cm. long; throat gradually dilated . 10. P. aeuminatus. 



GRAY'S MANUAL 40 



