748 i;i p.iArKAi-; (MAi>m-:ii FAMILY) 



/. Flowers bright white, numerous, in a compact panicle; 



leaves linear-lanceolate 18. Q. boreale. 



e. Leaves mostly in 6's or S's ; flowers white, numerous, in leafy 



panicles. 

 Leaves firm, linear or oblanceolate, rarely 2 cm. long. 



Flowering branches and pedicels strongly divaricate . 14. G. Nollugo. 

 Flowering branches and pedicels mostly ascending . . 15. G. r rectum. 

 Leaves thin, lanceolate, mostly 3-5 cm. long . . .16. (,'. ttylratieum. 

 . d. Matted, reclining, or ascending plants, usually with more or less 



retrorsely scabrous stems or leaves h. 

 h. Fruit smooth or merely granulate-roughened i. 

 i. Leaves obtuse. 



Flowers several in a small dichotomous cyme ; the pedi- 

 cels horizontally spreading 17. G. palustre. 



Flowers solitary or in mostly simple cymes of 2-5 flowers. 

 Corollas greenish-white, small (1.5 mm. or less broad), 



commonly with 3 obtuse lobes ; stems retrorse- 

 scabrous. 

 Flowers mostly solitary, on capillary arcuate scabrous 



pedicels 18. G. triftdum. 



Flowers in 2's and 3's ; pedicels straight, smooth . 19. G. Claytoni. 

 Corollas white, 2-2.5 mm. broad, commonly with 4 acute 



lobes ; stems mostly smooth. 



Leaves chiefly ascending ; fruit 2.5-3.5 mm. in diam- 

 eter 20. G. tinctorium. 



Leaves chiefly reflex ed ; fruit 1-1. 5 mm. in diameter 21. G. labradoricum. 

 i. Leaves acute or cuspidate. 



Leaves linear, slightly upward-scabrous on the margins . 22. G. concininu/i. 



Leaves lanceolate, retrorse-scabrous 23. G. anprellum. 



h. Fruit bristly 24. G.triflorii-m. 



a. Fruit a berry ; leaves in 4's, 1-nerved 25. G. hiapidul utn. 



1. G. virgatum Nutt. Slender and erect; stem 1-3 dm. high, simple or 

 branching from the base ; leaves mostly in 4's, thick, oblong or linear, 4-7 mm. 

 long ; flowers solitary, sessile, subtended by a pair of small bracteal leaves ; fruit 

 uncinate-hispid. Dry soil, Mo. to Tenn. and Tex. 



2. G. Aparine L. (CLEAVERS, GOOSE GRASS.) Stem weak and reclining, 

 bristle-prickly backward, hairy at the joints ; leaves about 8 in a whorl, lanceo- 

 late, tapering to the base, short-pointed, rough on the margins and midrib, 

 2.5-7 cm. long ; peduncles l-3-flowered ; flowers white ; fruit bristly, 3-4 mm. in 

 diameter. Seashores, Que. to Fla., and in rich or shaded ground inland ; per- 

 haps sometimes introd. (Eurasia.) 



Var. Vaillantii (DC.) Koch. Smaller; the leaves less than 2.5 cm. long; 

 hispidulous fruit smaller, 1.5-2 mm. in diameter. (G. spurium L.) Out., 

 westw. and south west w. 



3. G. TRICORNK Stokes. Resembling no. 2, rather stout, with simple branches ; 

 leaves 6 or 8, oblanceolate, cuspidate-mucronate, the margins and stem retrorsely 

 prickly-hispid ; flowers mostly in clusters of 3, dull white ; fruits rather large, 

 tuberculate-granulate, not hairy, pendulous. Ballast, local. (Adv. from Eu.) 



4. G. PARISIKX.SE L. Slender, diffuse, 1-3 dm. high, glabrous ; leaves 5-7, 

 oblanceolate to nearly linear, 5-10 mm. long, their margins and the angles of the 

 stem spinulose-scabrous ; flowers rather few, cymulose on /<<>/;/ branches, green- 

 ish-white, very small ; fruit glabrous, more or less tubere.nlati 1 . ( <;. <ni<j1i<"inn 

 Iluds.) Roadsides, Va. (Nat. from Eu.) 



5. G. VERUM L. (YELLOW B.) Stems smooth, erect ; leaves 8 or sometimes 

 in the whorls, H nn.tr, roughish, soon deflexed; flowers yellow, very numerous, 

 densely paniculate, the lower branches of the panicle at antlifttix much exceeding 

 (In xiii>ti')i<Hng leaves fruit usually smooth. Dry fields, Me. to N. J., Pa., and 

 out., local. (Nat. from Eu.) 



(J. G. WIUT<;KXII F. Schultz. Similar to the preceding; flowers yellow, 

 slightly larger, 3 nun. in diameter; the panicle long and interrupted, the lower 

 branches at antfu'xi* >7/o/Y< / than or scarcely sitr/>ttsxi>i</ the subtending leaves. 

 Established in meadows. Norfolk, Ct. (Miss Seymour). (Adv. from Ed.) 



7. G. pi!6sum Ait. Hairy; leaves oval, dotted, hairy. 2-2.5 em. long, the 

 lateral nerves obscure ; /n-ihnn-Icx 'l-'.\-fnrk<'<l, tin' flnn'crs nil / <Hr<>j<tJ. Dry 

 copses, N. II. to Out.. Mich.. 111.. Kan.', and soiithw. 



Var. puncticulbsum (Michx. ) T. & G. Almost glabrous; leaves varying 

 to elliptical-oblong, hispidulous-ciliate. N. J. to Va. and Tex. 



