750 



RUBIACEAE (MADDER FAMILY) 



907. G. trifidum. 



c'avtoni 



var. pusillum Gray. ) Bogs, mossy woods, and wet shores, 

 Nfd. and Lab. to B. C., s. to n. and w. N. E., centr. N. Y., 

 O., Mich., Neb/, etc. July-Sept. (Eurasia.) FIG. 907. 



19. G. Claytbni Michx. Stouter, ascending or reclining; 

 primary leaves in 4's and 6's; flowers in terminal clusters o/2'.s 

 and 3's ; pedicels stout, straight, and glabrous. 



(G. triftdum Man ed. 6, in part.) Swamps 

 and damp places, e. Que. to N. C., Neb., and 

 Tex. July-Sept. FIG. 908. 



20. G. tinctbrium L. Erect; stem smooth, 

 stiffish, 1.5-8 dm. high, freely branched from 



near the base ; leaves mostly in 4's, linear or lanceolate, 

 1.5-2.5 cm. long, cuneate at base, dull green, slightly sca- 

 brous on margin and midrib; flowers 2 or 3 in terminal 

 clusters, the pedicels scarcely divaricate even in fruit ; fruit 

 2. 5-3.6 mm. in diameter. (&. trifidum, var. latifolium Torr.) 



Damp shady places, w. Que. to Neb., s. to N. C. and 

 Ariz. May-July. FIG. 909. 



Var. filif61ium Wiegand. More slender ; leaves nearly 

 filiform ; inflorescence more open ; corolla broader. Va., 

 and southw. near the coast. 



21. G. labraddricum Wiegand. Low; stem smooth, 

 slender, 0.5-3 dm. high, from capillary rootstocks ; leaves 

 small, 0.6-1.5 cm. long, soon reflexed, 

 scabrous beneath on the margin and 

 nerve ; flowers as in the preceding but 

 smaller ; fruit much smaller. (G. tinc- 

 torium, var. Wiegand.) In moss, mostly beneath Larch or 

 Arbor Vitae, Nfd. to Wise., N. Y., and n. Ct. FIG. 910. 



22. G. concinnum T. & G. Stems low and slender, 1.5-3 

 dm. high, with minutely roughened angles ; leaves all in 6's, 

 linear, slightly pointed, veinless, the margins upwardly 

 roughened; peduncles 2-3 times forked, diffusely panicled; 



pedicels short. Dry hills, N. J. and Pa. to Va., w. to 910. G. labradoricuin. 

 Minn., la., and Ark. 



23. G. aspr^llum Michx. (ROUGH B.) Stem 0.5-1.8 m. high, much 

 branched, rough backwards with hooked prickles, leaning on bushes ; leaves in 

 whorls of 6, or 4-6 on the branchlets, oval-lanceolate, with almost prickly mar- 

 gins and midrib ; peduncles short, 2-3 times forked. Alluvial ground, Nfd. to 

 N. C., w. to Ont., Minn., Neb., and Mo. 



24. G. triflbrum Michx. (SWEET-SCENTED B.) Stem 3-10 dm. long, bristly- 

 roughened backward on the angles ; leaves elliptical-lanceolate, bristle-pointed, 

 with slightly roughened margins, 2-8.5 cm. long ; peduncles S-flowered, the 

 flowers all pediceled, greenish ; fruit beset with hooked bristles. Rich wood- 

 lands, Nfd. to B. C., and southw. Sweet-scented in drying. (Greenl., Eu.) 



25. G. hispidulum Michx. Hirsute-pubescent, scabrous, or sometimes nearly 

 smooth, 3-6 dm. high, diffusely branched ; leaves oblong or oval, mucronate, 

 0.5-2 cm. long ; pedicels solitary or commonly 2 or 3 from the small involucral 

 whorl, all naked, or one of them bracteolate ; flowers white ; berry purple, 

 glabrate. Dry or sandy soil, s. N. J. to Fla. , along the coast. 



909. G. tinctorium. 



4. SPERM AC6CE [Dill.] L. BUTTONWEED 



Calyx-tube short; the limb parted into 4 teeth. Corolla funnel-form or 

 salver-form, valvate in the bud. Stigma or style 2-cleft. Fruit small and dry, 

 2-celled, splitting when ripe into 2 carpels, one of them usually carrying with 

 it the partition, and therefore closed, the other open on the inner face. Small 

 herbs, the bases of the leaves or petioles connected by a bristle-bearing stipular 

 membrane. Flowers small, whitish, crowded into sessile axillary whorled clus- 



