VALERIANACEAE (VALERIAN FAMILY) 761 



15. V. rufidulum Raf. Similar ; the winter-buds, wing-margined petioles, and 

 lower leaf-surfaces red-tomentose ; leaves often larger (4-9 cm. long). (V. rufo- 

 tomentosum Small.) Woods and thickets, Va. to 111., Kan., and soutliw. 

 Apr., May. 



7. SAMBtTCUS [Tourn.] L. ELDER 



Calyx-lobes minute or obsolete. Corolla open-urn-shaped, with a broadly 

 spreading 5-cleft limb. Stamens 5. Stigmas 3. Fruit a berry-like juicy drupe, 

 containing 3 small seed-like nutlets. Shrubby plants, with a rank smell when 

 bruised, pinnate leaves, serrate-pointed leaflets, and numerous small flowers in 

 compound cymes. (The Latin name, perhaps from ffa/j.^6Kij, an ancient musical 

 instrument. ) 



1. S. canade"nsis L. (COMMON E.) Stems scarcely woody, 1-4 m. high, with 

 white pith; leaflets 5-11, oblong, mostly smooth, the lower often 3-parted ; 

 cymes flat ; flowers white; fruit black-purple. Rich soil, in open places, 

 throughout our range, also southw. and westw. June, July. 



2. S. racem6sa L. (RED-BERRIED E.) Stems woody, 0.5-3.5 cm. high, the 

 bark warty, the pith brown ; leaflets 5-7, ovate-lanceolate, downy underneath ; 

 cymes panicled, convex or pyramidal ; flowers yellowish 7 white, sometimes tinged 

 with crimson; fruit bright red (rarely white). (8. pubens Michx.) Rocky 

 woods, Nfd. to B. C., s. to Ga., Mich., la., Col., etc. May; fruit ripening 

 in June. (Eu.) Var. LACINIA.TA Koch. Leaflets divided into linear-lanceolate 

 or laciniate segments. L. Superior and "Pa." 



8. ADOXA L. MOSCHATEL 



Calyx-tube reaching not quite to the summit of the 3-5-celled ovary ; limb 

 of 3 or more teeth. Corolla wheel-shaped, 4-6-cleft, bearing at each sinus a 

 pair of separate or partly united stamens with 1-celled anthers. Style 3-5-parted. 

 Dry drupe greenish, with 3-5 cartilaginous nutlets. A dwarf perennial, with 

 scaly rootstock and ternately divided leaves, the cauline a single pair. An 

 anomalous genus. (From #5oos, obscure or insignificant.) 



1. A. Moschate'llina L. Smooth, musk-scented ; radical leaves 1-3-ternate, 

 the cauline 3-cleft or 3-parted ; leaflets obovate, 3-cleft ; flowers several in a 

 close cluster on a slender peduncle, greenish or yellowish. Mossy woods, wet 

 rocks, etc., n. e. la., Wise., Minn., and north w. June, July. (Eurasia.) 



VALERIAN ACEAE (VALERIAN FAMILY) 



Herbs, with opposite leaves and no stipules; the calyx-tube adherent to the 

 ovary, which has one fertile l-ovuled cell and two abortive or empty ones; the 

 stamens distinct, 1-3, fewer than the lobes of the corolla, and inserted on its 

 tube. Corolla tubular or funnel-form, often irregular, mostly o-lobed, the lobes 

 imbricated in the bud. Style slender ; stigmas 1-3. Fruit indehiscent, 1-celled 

 (the two empty cells of the ovary disappearing), or 3-celled, two of the cells 

 empty, the other 1-seeded. Seed suspended, anatropous, with a large embryo 

 and no albumen. Flowers in panicled or clustered cymes. Roots often 

 odorous and antispasmodic. 



1 . Valeriana. Calyx-limb of several plumose bristles. Perennials. 



'2. Valerianella. Calyx-limb entire or merely toothed. Annuals or biennials. 



1. VALERIANA [Tourn.] L. VALERIAN 



Calyx-limb of several plumose bristles (like a pappus) which are rolled up 

 inward in flower, but unroll and spread as the seed-like 1-celled fruit matures. 

 Corolla commonly gibbous near the base, the 5-lobed limb nearly regular. Sta- 



