766 CAMPANULACEAE (BLUEBELL FAMILY) 



seeded. Seed small, anatropous, with a straight embryo in fleshy albumen. 

 Flowers generally blue and showy. 



* Capsule opening by pores on the sides ; anthers free. 



1. Specularia. Corolla rotate. Capsule slender-cylindric or -prismatic. 



2. Campanula. Corolla campanulate (rarely with flaring liinb). Capsule obconic or turbinate 



to globose. 



* * Capsule opening by valves at the apex ; anthers connate at base. 



3. Jasione. Flowers crowded into dense involucrate heads. Corolla with slender segments. 



1. SPECULARIA [Heist.] Fabricius. VENUS'S LOOKING-GLASS 



Calyx 6(or 3-4)-lobed. Corolla wheel-shaped, 6-lobed. Stamens 5, sepa- 

 rate ; the membranaceous hairy filaments shorter than the anthers. Stigmas 3. 

 Capsule prismatic or slender-cylindric, 3-celled, opening by 3 small lateral valves. 

 Low annuals, with axillary blue or purplish flowers, in American species 

 dimorphous, the earlier small and cleistogamous. (Name from Speculum Ve- 

 neris, the early name of the common European species.) LEGOU/IA Durande. 



1. S. perfoliata (L.) A. DC. Somewhat hairy, 1-9 dm. high : l<-iivex round- 

 ish or ovate, clasping by the heart-shaped base, toothed ; flowers sessile, solitary 

 or 2-3 together in the axils, only the upper or later ones having a conspicuous 

 and expanding corolla ; capsule ellipsoid, short, straight, opening rather below 

 the middle; seeds lenticular. (Legouzia Britton.) Sterile open ground, s. Me. 

 to Ont., westw. and south w. 



2. S. biflbra (R. & P.) Fisch. & Mey. Similar ; leaves sessile, orate or ob- 

 long, the upper narrower, slightly crenate ; flowers solitary or by 2's in the 

 axils, the lower with 3-4 short calyx-lobes, the upper with 4-5 longer lobes 

 hardly equaling the corolla ; capsule short-cylindric, the valves near the summit. 

 (Legouzia Britton.) Va., westw. and south w. 



3. S. leptocarpa (Nutt.) Gray. Minutely hirsute or nearly glabrous, 1.5-4 

 dm. high ; leaves lanceolate, with flowers closely sessile in their axils ; calyx- 

 lobes of lower flowers 3 ; capsule nearly cylindrical, 1.5-2 cm. long, 2 mm. thick, 

 inclined to curve, opening by one or two uplifted valves near the summit ; seeds 

 oblong. (Legouzia Britton.) Dry open ground, w. Mo. and Ark. to Col. and 

 w. Tex. Expanded corolla 1-2 cm. wide. 



2. CAMPANULA [Tourn.] L. BELLFLOWER 



Calyx 6-cleft. Corolla generally bell-shaped, 5-lobed. Stamens 5, separate ; 

 the filaments broad and membranaceous at the base. Stigmas and cells of the 

 capsule 3 in our species, the short pod opening on the sides by as many valves 

 or holes. Herbs, with terminal or axillary flowers. (A diminutive of the 

 Italian campana, a bell, from the shape of the corolla.) 



a. Flowers in glomerules, spikes, or racemes, mostly numerous b. 



b. Flowers sessile, chiefly in glomerules or leafy-bracted heads . . 1. C. glomerata. 



b. Flowers distinct^ pediceled. 



Calyx and outer surface of unexpanded corolla bristly-ciliate with 



long pale trichomes 2. C. Trachelium. 



Calyx and corolla smooth, or* the former minutely pubescent; ra- 

 cemes elongate and spiciform. 

 Corolla cam pan ulate ; style straight; capsule campanulate-ovoid, 



opening by pores at the base 8. C. rapwumloid*. 



Corolla rotate; style declined and upwardly curved; capsule 



obconic to subcylindric, the pores at the summit . . .4. C. americuiin. 

 a. Flowers l-, on slender peduncles or in loose inflorescences c. 



c. Style not exsert.-.l. 



Stems smooth (rarely villous), not re trorse- scabrous on the angles ; 



leaves not retrorse-scabrous on the nerves and margin . . 5. C. rotundifolia. 

 Stems rctroix scuhroiis on the angles; leaves with retrorse-sca- 

 brous nerves and margin. 



Corolla 2-8 cm. long 6. C. patula. 



Corolla shorter. 



Peduncles strongly divergent; corolla 5-8 mm. long . . 7. C. aparinoidee. 

 Peduncles ascending ; corolla 10-1-2 mm. Inn..' . . . .8. C. uiiginoaa. 

 c. Style long-exserted , . . . 9. (". iliraricata. 



