794 COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 



short. (S. pilosa Walt.) Low grounds, pine barrens of N. J. to Va., and 

 southw. Aug.-Oct. 



o o Leaves all or nearly all toothed, the veins prominent. 

 + Stems glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate to elliptic-ovate. 



x Branches of the crowded ellipsoid to pyramidal panicle floriferous nearly 

 throughout, ascending or ascending-spreading. 



31. S. Elli6ttii T. & G. Smooth; stem stout, 0.5-1.8 tn. high, very leafy; 

 leaves elliptical or oblong-lanceolate, acute, 0.5-1 dm. long, closely sessile, 

 slightly serrate, strongly veined, thick, smooth both sides, shining above; heads 

 in dense slightly spreading racemes which are crowded in a close pyramidal 

 panicle ; involucre 4-5 mm. long ; peduncles and achenes strigose-pubescent ; 

 rays 8-12. Swamps (fresh or brackish) near the coast, Mass, to N. J., and 

 southw. Sept., Oct. 



x x Longer branches of the loose panicle chiefly flowerless at base, strongly 



recumed-spreading. 



32. S. ulmif61ia Muhl. Stem smooth, slender, 5-15 dm. high, the branches 

 hairy ; leaves thin, elliptical-ovate or oblong-lanceolate, pointed, tapering to the 

 base, loosely veined, usually beset with soft hairs beneath ; racemes panicled, 

 loosely recurved-spreading ; involucre 3-4 mm. long, its bracts lanceolate-oblong ; 

 rays about 4. Dry or rocky woods and copses, N. S. and s. Me. to Minn., and 

 southw. Aug., Sept. 



+ + Stems pubescent (or glabrous only in var. of no. 33, which has lanceolate 

 leaves and strongly recurved panicle-branches). 



33. S. rugbsa Mill. Stem villous or villous-hirsute with long sordid hairs, 

 0.5-2 m. high ; leaves crowded, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, narrowed at base, 

 mostly sharp-serrate, pubescent (especially beneath), thin and loosely veiny, not 

 conspicuously rugose ; racemes spreading in a broad pyramidal panicle, all much 

 exceeding the subtending leaves; involucre 3-4 mm. long, its bracts linear; 

 rays 6-9; disk-flowers 4-7. (S. altissima of auth., not L.) Damp thickets 

 and borders of fields, Nfd. to w. Ont., and southw. Aug., Sept. Var. SI>HA<;- 

 NOPHILA Graves. Stems and leaves glabrous. Wet shores and mossy swamps, 

 e. Mass, to Ct. 



Var. vil!6sa (Pursh) Fernald. Panicle elongate, most of the racemes nearly 

 equaled or even exceeded by the large subtending leaves. The common ex- 

 treme from Lab. and w. Nfd. to w. Que. and n. Me. 



x S. asp6rula Desf. Smooth below, somewhat rough-pubescent above ; stem 

 stout, 7-14 dm. high, very leafy ; leaves thick and slightly veiny, lanceolate or 

 elliptic, scabrous or rarely glabrous, the lower 1-2 dm. long ; racemes, etc., 

 intermediate between those of nos. 21 and 33. Dryish borders of salt marshes. 

 Me. to Ct.; apparently a hybrid of the preceding species and no. 21, more widely 

 distributed than most such plants of this genus. 



34. S. aspera Ait. Stem scabrous-puberulent or short-hispid; leaves ortitc. 

 oblong, or ovate-lanceolate, rounded at base, appressed-serrate, very scabrous on 

 both surfaces, thick and strongly rugose; inflorescence much as in no. .">">. luit. 

 the elongate racemes mostly forming a more slender panicle. (S. rugosa Man. 

 ed. 6, in part.) Dry woods and fields, rarely in meadows, e. Mass, and o. to 

 Fla. and Tex. Aug.-Oct. 



w ++ Leaves more or less plainly 3-ribbed, 2 of the lower wins Ixcomhirj />r<ni- 

 m-ttt <unl <'l</aafi-il /Hiral/rl irirh the midrib- lietuhin \-siili <l <-}ii<ihj sj>rca<l- 

 ing or recurved racemes, forming an ample )><niiclr ; not maritime. 

 = Branches of the panicle glabrous. 



35. S. missouriSnsis Nutt. Smooth throughout, 2. 5-10 dm. high ; leaves jinn 

 and rigid, linear-hnn-enlatc, or the lower broadly lanceolate, tapering to both 

 ends, with very nmnh margins, <-<ini)(iIt/ bearing a.rillani fascicles; teeth, 

 if any, sharp and ri^id ; fn-n<is mid dense crowded recurred racemes nearly as in 

 no. 26 ; involucre 3-5 nun. long, its very unequal thickish straw-colored bracts 



