COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 819 



corymbed, obovoid ; involucre 6-8 mm. long. (S. tortifolius Nees.) Pine 

 woods, Va., and south w. Aug. 



25. BACCHARIS L. GROUNDSEL TREE 



Heads many-flowered ; flowers all tubular, dioecious, i. e. the pistillate and 

 staminate borne by different plants. Involucre imbricated. Corolla of the 

 pistillate flowers very slender and thread-like ; of the staminate larger and 

 5-lobed. Anthers tailless. Achenes ribbed; pappus of capillary bristles, in the 

 staminate plant scanty and tortuous, in the pistillate very long and copious. 

 Shrubs, commonly smooth and resinous or glutinous. Flowers whitish or yellow. 

 (Name of some shrub anciently dedicated to Bacchus.} 



1. B. halimifblia L. Glabrous but somewhat scurfy, 1-3 m. high ; branches 

 angled ; leaves obovate and wedge-form, petiolate, coarsely toothed, or the upper 

 entire ; heads scattered at the ends oftKe branches, forming pyramidal panicles ; 

 involucre 5-6 mm. high ; bracts acutish. Sea beaches and marshes, Mass, to 

 Va., and south w. The fertile plant conspicuous in autumn by its very long 

 (1-1.5 cm.) white pappus. 



2. B. glomeruliflbra Pers. Brighter green ; heads of both kinds sessile or 

 nearly so in the axils, forming glomerules ; otherwise much like the preceding. 

 N. C. to Fla. ; said to reach s. Va. (Bermuda.) 



26. PLrtrCHEA Cass. MARSH FLEABANE 



Heads many-flowered ; the flowers all tubular, the central perfect but sterile, 

 few, with a 5-cleft corolla ; all the others with a thread-shaped truncate corolla, 

 pistillate and fertile. Involucre imbricated. Receptacle flat, naked. Anthers 

 with tails. Achenes grooved ; pappus in a single row. Herbs, somewhat 



flandular, emitting a strong or camphoric odor, the heads cymosely clustered, 

 lowers purplish, in summer. (Dedicated to the Abbe Pluche, French natural- 

 ist of the 18th century.) 



1. P. foetida (L.) DC. Perennial, 5-9 dm. high ; leaves closely sessile or 

 half-clasping, oblong to lanceolate, sharply denticulate, veiny, only 5-8 cm. 

 long; heads clustered in a corymb; bracts lanceolate. (P. bifrons DC.) 

 Low ground, N. J., and southw. 



2. P. camphorata (L.) DC. (SALT MARSH FLEABANE.) Annual, pale, 3-15 

 dm. high ; leaves slightly petioled, oblong-ovate or lanceolate, thickish, obscurely 

 veiny, subentire or serrate ; corymb flat ; heads 5-9 mm. high ; involucral bracts 

 ovate to lanceolate, puberulent. Salt marshes, Mass, to Va., and southw. 



3. P. petiolata Cass. Greener and smoother ; leaves slender-petioled, more 

 finely and sharply serrate ; heads smaller ; bracts merely granular. Moist soil, 

 Md. to 111., Kan., and southw. 



Heads 



27. GIFOLA Cass. COTTON ROSE 



Is rather many-flowered, discoid ; flowers as in Pluchea, the central usually 

 sterile. Receptacle elongated or top-shaped ; the chaff resembling the proper 

 involucral bracts, each scale covering a single pistillate flower. Achenes terete ; 

 pappus of the central flowers capillary, of the outer ones mostly none. Annual, 

 with entire leaves, and small heads in capitate clusters. (Name an anagram of 

 Filago, the name of a related genus.) 



1. G. GERMANICA (L.) Dumort. (HERBA IMPIA.) Stem erect, short, clothed 

 with lanceolate upright crowded leaves, and producing a capitate cluster of 

 woolly heads, from which rise one or more branches, each terminated by a 

 similar head, and so on; hence the common name applied to it by the old 

 botanists, as if the offspring were undutifully exalting themselves above the 

 parent. (Filago L.) Dry fields, N, Y. to Va. July-Oct. (Nat. from Eu.) 



