824 COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 



summit of the stem ; bracts tawny, the inner often marked with purple. 

 Sandy or gravelly soil, coast of s. Me. to Fla.; and from O. to Kan., and 

 south w. (Trop. Am.) 



31. iNULA L. ELECAMPANE 



Heads many-flowered, radiate ; disk-flowers perfect and fertile. Involucre 

 imbricated, hemispherical, the outer bracts herbaceous or leaf -like. Receptacle 

 naked. Anthers caudate. Achenes more or less 4-5-ribbed; pappus simple, 

 of capillary bristles. Coarse herbs, not floccose-woolly, with alternate simple 

 leaves, and large yellow heads. (The ancient Latin name.) 



1. I. HELENIUM L. (ELECAMPANE.) Stout perennial, 1-1.5 m. high ; leaves 

 large, woolly beneath ; those from the thick root ovate, petioled, the others 

 partly clasping ; rays very many, narrow. Roadsides and damp pastures. Aug. 

 Heads very large. Root mucilaginous. (Nat. from Eu.) 



32. ADENOCAULON Hook. 



Heads 5-10-flowered ; the flowers all tubular and with similar corollas, the 

 marginal flowers pistillate, fertile ; the others perfect but sterile. Involucral 

 bracts equal, in 1 row. Receptacle flat, naked. Anthers caudate. Achenes 

 elongated at maturity, club-shaped, beset with stalked glands above ; pappus 

 none. Slender perennials, with alternate thin petioled leaves smooth and green 

 above, white-woolly beneath, and few small (whitish) heads in a loose panicle, 

 beset with glands (whence the name, from d5-/iv, a gland, and KauX6s, a stem). 



1. A. bf color Hook. Stem 3-9 dm. high ; leaves triangular, rather heart- 

 shaped, with angular-toothed margins; petioles margined. Moist woods, shores 

 of L. Huron, L. Superior, and westw. 



33. POLYMNIA L. LEAFCUP 



Heads broad, many-flowered ; rays several (rarely abortive), pistillate ; disk- 

 flowers perfect but sterile. Involucral bracts in two rows ; the outer large, 

 spreading; the inner membranaceous, partly embracing the thick achones. 

 Receptacle flat, membranous-chaffy. Pappus none. Tall branching peren- 

 nials, viscid-hairy, exhaling a heavy odor. Leaves large, thin, opposite, or the 

 uppermost alternate, lobed, with dilated appendages at the base. Heads in 

 panicled corymbs. Flowers light yellow, in summer and autumn. (Drdiruti-d 

 to the Muse, Polyhymnia, for no obvious reason.) 



1. P. canad6nsis L. Clammy-hairy, 0.6-1.5 in. high; lower leaves deeply 

 pinnatifid, the uppermost triangular-ovate and 3-5-lobed or -angled, petioled ; 

 heads small ; rays 5, obovate or wedge-form, shorter than the inmlurrc, usually 

 minute or abortive, whitish-yellow, but sometimes (var. RADI\TA Gray) more 

 developed, 3-lobed, 1 cm. long, and whitish; achenes 3-costate, not striate. 

 Moist shaded ravines, w. Vt. to Ont., Minn., south w. and south west w. 



2. P. uvedalia L. Roughish-hairy, stout, 1-3 in. high ; leaves broadly ovate, 

 angled and toothed, nearly sessile ; the lower palmately lobed, abruptly nar- 

 rowed into ;i winged petiole; outer involucral bracts very large ; rays 10-15, 

 Unear-oblontj, much longer than the inner bracts of the involucre, yellow ; 

 achenes strongly striate. Rich soil, N. Y. to Mo., and south w. 



34. ACANTHOSPERMUM Schrank 



I leads small, axillary or subsessile in the forks of the stem. Ray-flowers few, 

 fertile; the ligules small, yellow, usually .'5-dontate ; the disk-flowers with cam- 

 panulate yellow 5-toothed corolla, sterile. Involucre double, the outer bracts 

 herbaceous, the inner more or less strongly modified, closely enveloping the 

 fertile ray-achenes, muricate or prickly. Diffuse annuals with opposite toothed 

 or lobed leaves. (Name from &KavOa, a thorn, and ffirtp/j.a, seed, from the prickly 

 fruit formed by the achene and its investing bract.) 



