826 COMPOSITAB (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 



* * * Stem square ; leaves opposite, connate, 1.5-3.5 dm. in length. 



6. S. perfoliatum L. (Cup PLANT.) Stem stout, often branched above, 

 1-2.5 m. high, leafy ; leaves ovate, coarsely toothed, the upper united by their 

 bases and forming a cup-shaped disk, the lower abruptly narrowed into winged 

 petioles which are connate by their bases ; heads corymbose ; bracts ovate; 

 achenes winged and variously notched. Rich soil, Ont. to S. Dak., and south w., 

 common ; also escaped from gardens eastw. July-Sept. 



36.' BERLANDIERA DC. 



With the characters of Silphium, but the 5-12 fertile ray-flowers in a single 

 series. Involucral bracts in about 3 series, thinner ; the inner dilated, obovate, 

 exceeding the disk ; the outer smaller and more foliaceous. Achenes without 

 pappus, obovate, neither winged nor notched at the apex, deciduous with the 

 subtending bract and 2-3 scales of the chaff. Alternate-leaved perennials 

 of the Southern and Southwestern States ; head pedunculate. (Named for J. L. 

 Berlandier, a Swiss botanist who collected in Texas and Mexico.) 



1. B. texana DC. Hirsute-tomentose or villous, 6-9 dm. high, very leafy ; 

 leaves crenate, the radical oblong, petiolate, the cauline oblong-cordate to sub- 

 cordate-lanceolate, the upper closely sessile ; heads somewhat cymose, 3-4 cm. 

 broad. Mo. and Kan., south w. and southwestw. 



37. CHRYS6GONUM L. 



Heads many-flowered, radiate ; rays about 5, pistillate and fertile ; the disk- 

 flowers perfect but sterile. Involucre of about 5 outer leaf-like oblong bracts 

 which exceed the disk, and as many interior shorter and chaff-like concave 

 scales. Receptacle flat, with a linear scale to each disk-flower. Achene obovate, 

 obcompressed, 4-angled, partly inclosed by the short subtending involucral bract ; 

 pappus a small chaffy 2-3-toothed crown. A hairy perennial herb, with oppo- 

 site long-petioled leaves, and solitary long-peduncled heads of yellow flowers, 

 nearly stemless when it begins to flower, the flowerless shoots forming runners. 

 (The Greek name of some plant, composed of xP vff ^i golden, and y6w, knee.} 



1. C. virginianum L. Usually low (0.5-3.5 dm. high); leaves ovate, mostly 

 obtuse, crenate, rarely somewhat cordate, or the radical obovate with cuneate 

 base ; rays 1-1.5 cm. long. Dry soil, s. Pa. to Fla. May-Aug. Var. DKNTA n M 

 Gray. Leaves deltoid-ovate, acute, coarsely dentate-serrate; involucral scales 

 more acute. High Island at the Falls of the Potomac. 



38. PARTHENIUM L. 



Heads many-flowered, inconspicuously radiate ; ray-flowers 5, with very short 

 and broad obcordate ligules not projecting beyond the woolly disk, pistillate and 

 fertile ; disk-flowers staminate, with imperfect styles, sterile. Involucre hemi- 

 spherical, of 2 ranks of short ovate or roundish bracts. Receptacle conical, 

 chaffy. Achenes only in the ray, surrounded by a slender callous margin. 

 crowned with the persistent ray-corolla. Leaves alternate. Heads small. 

 corymbed ; the flowers whitish. (An ancient name of some plant, from 

 virgin.} 



* Upper leaves sessile, but not 



1. P. integrifblium L. Scabrous perennial, 1 in. or less high, from a thick- 

 ened rootstock ; the stems glabrous below, minutely puberulent above; k'uvrs 

 oblong or ovate, crenate-toothed, or the lower (0.5-1.5 dm. long) cut-lobed be- 

 low the middle; heads many in a very dense flat corymb. Dry soil, Mil. to 

 Minn., and southw. June-Aug. 



2. P. ripens Eggert. Similar but lower, from a slender stoloniferous root- 

 stock; stems and leaves pilose-hispid ; heads few, rather larger. Barrens, Mo. 

 and Kan. to Tex. May, June. 



