854 COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 



7. S. discoideus (Hook.) Britton. Stems erect, 2-8 dm. high, striate ; lower 

 leaves broadly ovate, 1.5-8 cm. long, 1-4.5 cm. broad, rounded or obtuse at the 

 apex, crenate to coarsely dentate, abruptly contracted into a slightly winged 

 petiole equaling or exceeding the blade ; inflorescence subumbellate ; heads on 

 rather long peduncles, discoid; involucre sparingly calyculate ; bracts of the 

 involucre slightly shorter than the flowers of the disk, often purplish-tipped ; 

 achenes glabrous. Calcareous ledges, or in damp thickets, e. Que., n. Mich. , 

 northw. and westw. June-Aug. 



8. S. obovatus Muhl. Stem 3-6 dm. high, bearing flagelliform stolons at 

 base ; lower leaves obovate, 1-10 cm. long, two thirds as broad, gradually nar- 

 rowed into a narrowly winged petiole, crenate-dentate, glabrous on both sur- 

 faces ; upper stem-leaves pinnatifid, sessile ; inflorescence a corymbose cyme, 

 not infrequently umbellate ; heads radiate ; achenes glabrous. (S. aureus, var. 

 T. & G.) Calcareous ledges and open woods, e. Mass, and s. Vt. to N. C., Ala., 

 Ark., and Kan. Apr. -Aug. 



Var. rotundus Britton. Lower leaves more or less orbicular or rotund, other- 

 wise like the species. On moist banks and rocks, centr. O., and south westw. 



Var. elongitus (Pursh) Britton. Habit and foliage of the typical form, but 

 with elongated peduncles and discoid heads. Near P^aston, Pa. May, June. 



9. S. aureus L. (GOLDEN R.) Stems erect from rather slender rootstocks, 

 3-8 dm. high, at first often lightly floccose-tomentose, soon glabrate ; lower 

 leaves long-petioled, ovate-rotund to slightly oblong, 1.5-8 cm. long, two thirds 

 as broad, crenate-dentate ; stem-leaves lyrate to laciniate-pinnatifid ; the upper- 

 most sessile, amplexicaul, often bract-like ; inflorescence cymose-corymbose ; 

 heads radiate ; rays yellow ; achenes glabrous. In wet meadows, moist thick- 

 ets, and swamps, Nfd., s. to Va., w. to Wise., Mo., and Ark. May-Aug. 



Var. gracilis (Pursh) Britton. Somewhat more slender, with lower stems, 

 smaller leaves, and fewer heads. Pa. and Mich. May, June. 



10. S. Robbinsii Oakes. Stems strict, 5-8 dm. high ; the first leaves small, 

 ovate-rotund to ovate-oblong, 1-3 cm. long, from two thirds to nearly or quite 

 as broad, crenate-dentate to rather sharply toothed ; the later radical and lower 

 cauline leaves lanceolate to slightly oblong-lanceolate, 3-10 cm. long, 1.5-3 cm. 

 broad, sharply and somewhat unequally dentate-serrate; the uppermost leaves 

 much reduced; inflorescence cymose-corymbose; achenes pubescent. In wet 

 meadows or swamps, N. B. and N. S. to n. N.Y. June, July. 



11. S. Balsamitae Muhl. Stems 1.5-3 dm. high, slightly woolly or floccose- 

 tomentose at the base, nearly or quite glabrous above ; lower leaves mostly ob- 

 long '-oblanceolate (rarely oblong-elliptic), 1-5 cm. long, 0.5-1.5 (rarely 3) cm. 

 broad, gradually narrowed at the base into the petiole, crenate-dentate to rather 

 sharply dentate-serrate, often pubescent in the early stages and glabrate, or gla- 

 brous from the beginning ; petioles usually not much exceeding the blade ; the 

 upper leaves lyrate, pinnatifid, or much reduced and entire ; achenes glabrous 

 or pubescent. (S. aureus, var. T. & G.) Gaspe" Co., Que., to Md., Tenn., 111., 

 and Mich. , thence north westw. essentially across the continent. May-Aug. 

 A variable species. In shaded alluvium passing into forms essentially glabrous, 

 with more pronounced foliar development. Var. PAUPERCULUS (Michx.) Fer- 

 nald. Smaller, sometimes not over 3 cm. in height, and with the inflorescence 

 not infrequently reduced to a single head. In cool or much exposed situations, 

 Me. , and northw. July- Aug. 



Var. prae!6ngus Greenman. Taller ; lower leaves long-petioled ; stem-leaves 

 rather large, often 1 dm. in length, 2 cm. in breadth, pinnatifid with remote 

 lateral lobes and deep rounded sinuses ; achenes hirtellous-pubescent. Rocky 

 woods and banks, Mass., Vt., and N. Y. June, July. 



Var. Crawf6rdii (Britton) Greenman. Lower leaves slender-petioled ; the 

 blade oblong-elliptic, 2-6 cm. long, 1-3 cm. broad, mostly rather sharply serrate- 

 dentate ; petioles 1 .5 dm. or less in length ; involucral bracts 7-8 mm. long. 

 (S. Crawfordii Britton.) Near Philadelphia (Crawford). May. 



12. S. Smallii Britton. Stem tall, erect, 2.5-7 dm. high, simple to the in- 

 florescence, densely and persistently woolly at the base ; lower leaves lanceolate 

 or oblanceolate, 2.5 dm. or less in length, 1-2 cm. broad, crenate-dentate to 



