150 



THE SKELETON. 



oblique in direction above and below. The articular processes are flat, nearly 

 vertical in direction, and project from the upper and lower part of the pedicles; 



f An entire facet above; 

 \ a demi-facet below. 



~A demi-facet above. 



One entire facet. 



( An entire facet. 



\ No facet on transverse 



process, which is ru- 



dimentary. 



An entire facet. 



(No facet on trans- 

 verse process. 

 Inferior articular 

 process, convex 

 and turned out- 

 ward. 



FIG. 114. Peculiar dorsal vertebrae. 



the superior being directed backward and slightly outward and upward, the inferior 

 forward and a little inward and downward. The transverse processes arise from 

 the same parts of the arch as the posterior roots of the transverse processes in 

 the neck, and are situated behind the articular processes and pedicles ; they are 

 thick, strong, and of great length, directed obliquely backward and outward, 

 presenting a clubbed extremity, which is tipped on its anterior part by a small 

 concave surface, for articulation with the tubercle of a rib. Besides the articular 

 facet for the rib, three indistinct tubercles may be seen rising from the transverse 

 processes, one at the upper border, one at the lower border, and one externally. 

 In man they are comparatively of small size, and serve only for the attachment 

 of muscles. But in some animals they attain considerable magnitude, either for 



