TEMPORO-MAXILLAR Y ARTICULA TION. 



327 



anterior occipito-atloid ligament and upper fasciculus of the transverse ligament 

 of the atlas. 



Actions. The odontoid ligaments serve to limit the extent to which rotation 



The vertical portion of 



ODONTOID LIGAMENTS. 



fCAPSULAR LIGAMENT 



' < and synovial 

 ( membrane. 



CAPSULAR LIGAMENT 



and synovial 

 membrane. 



FIG. 231. Occipito-axoid and atlo-axoid ligaments. Posterior view, obtained by removing the arches of the 

 vertebrae and the posterior part of the skull. 



of the cranium may be carried ; hence they have received the name of check 

 ligaments. 



In addition to these ligaments, which connect the atlas and axis to the skull, 

 the ligamentum nuchae must be regarded as one of the ligaments by which the 

 spine is connected with the cranium. It is described on a subsequent page. 



Surgical Anatomy. The ligaments which unite the component parts of the vertebrae 

 together are so strong, and these bones are so interlocked by the arrangement of their 

 articulating processes, that dislocation is very uncommon, and, indeed, unless accompanied by 

 fracture, rarely occurs, except in the upper part of the neck. Dislocation of the occiput from 

 the atlas has only been recorded in one or two cases ; but dislocation of the atlas from the axis, 

 with rupture of the transverse ligament, is much more common : it is tbe mode in which 

 death is produced in many cases of execution by hanging. In the lower part of the neck 

 tbat is, below the third cervical vertebra dislocation unattended by fracture occasionally takes 

 place. 



V. Temporo-maxillary Articulation. 



This is a double or bilateral condyloid joint: the parts entering into its 

 formation on each side are, above, the anterior part of the glenoid cavity of the 

 temporal bone and the eminentia articularis ; and, below, the condyle of the lower 

 jaw. The ligaments are the following: 



External Lateral. 

 Internal Lateral. 



Interarticular 



Stylo-maxillary. 

 Capsular. 

 Fibro-cartilae. 



The External Lateral Ligament (Fig. 232) is a short, thin, and narrow 

 fasciculus, attached, above, to the outer surface of the zygoma and to the rough 

 tubercle on its lower border ; below, to the outer surface and posterior border of 

 the neck of the lower jaw. It is broader above than below ; its fibres are placed 



