BRANCHES OF THE EXTERNAL CAROTID. 555 



cheek to the angle of the mouth, then upward along the side of the nose, and 

 terminates at the inner canthus of the eye, under the name of the angular artery. 

 This vessel, both in the neck and on the face, is remarkably tortuous : in the 

 former situation, to accommodate itself to the movements of the pharynx in 

 deglutition, and in the latter to the movements of the jaw and the lips and cheeks. 



Relations. In the neck its origin is superficial, being covered by the 

 integument, Platysma, and fascia ; it then passes beneath the Digastric and Stylo- 

 hyoid muscles and the submaxillary gland. On the face, where it passes over the 

 body of the lower jaw, it is comparatively superficial, lying immediately beneath 

 the Platysma. In this situation its pulsation may be distinctly felt, and com- 

 pression of the vessel effectually made against the bone. In its course over the 

 face it is covered by the integument, the fat of the cheek, and, near the angle of 

 the mouth, by the Platysma, Risorius, and Zygomatic muscles. It rests on the 

 Buccinator, the Levator anguli oris, and the Levator labii superioris (sometimes 

 piercing or else passing under this last muscle). It is accompanied by the facial 

 vein throughout its entire course ; the vein is not tortuous like the artery, and, on 

 the face, is separated from that vessel by a considerable interval, lying to its outer 

 side. The branches of the facial nerve cross the artery, and the infra-orbital nerve 

 lies beneath it. 



The branches of this vessel may be divided into two sets : those given off below 

 the jaw (cervical), and those on the face (facial). 



Cervical Branches. Facial Branches. 



Inferior or Ascending Palatine. Muscular. 



Tonsillar. Inferior Labial. 



Submaxillary. Inferior Coronary. 



Submental. Superior Coronary. 



Muscular. Lateralis Nasi. 



Angular. 



The inferior or ascending palatine (Fig. 352) passes up between the Stylo- 

 glossus and Stylo-pharyngeus to the outer side of the pharynx. After supplying 

 these muscles, the tonsil, and Eustachian tube, it divides, near the Levator palati, 

 into two branches : one follows the course of the Levator palati, and, winding over 

 the upper border of the Superior constrictor, supplies the soft palate and the pal- 

 atine glands ; the other pierces the Superior constrictor, supplies the tonsil, anas- 

 tomosing with the tonsillar artery. These vessels also anastomose with the pos- 

 terior palatine branch of the internal maxillary artery. 



The tonsillar branch (Fig. 352) passes up between the Internal Pterygoid and 

 Stylo-glossus, and then ascends along the side of the pharynx, perforating the 

 Superior constrictor, to ramify in the substance of the tonsil and root of the tongue. 



The submaxillary consists of three or four large branches, which supply the 

 submaxillary gland, some being prolonged to the neighboring muscles, lymphatic 

 glands, and integument. 



The submental, the largest of the cervical branches, is given off from the facial 

 artery just as that vessel quits the submaxillary gland : it runs forward upon the 

 Mylo-hyoid muscle, just below the body of the jaw and beneath the Digastric; 

 after supplying the surrounding muscles, and anastomosing with the sublingual 

 artery by branches which perforate the Mylo-hyoid muscle, it arrives at the sym- 

 physis of the chin, where it turns over the border of the jaw and divides into a 

 superficial and a deep branch ; the former passes between the integument and 

 Depressor labii inferioris, supplies both, and anastomoses with the inferior labial. 

 The deep branch passes between the latter muscle and the bone, supplies the lip, 

 and anastomoses with the inferior labial and mental arteries. 



The muscular branches are distributed to the Internal pterygoid and Stylo-hyoid 

 in the neck, and to the Masseter and Buccinator on the face. 



The inferior labial passes beneath the Depressor anguli oris. to supply the 



