662 



THE VEINS 



vein passing through the foramen of Vesalius connecting the same parts. 8. A 

 plexus of veins passing through the carotid canal and connecting the Cav- 

 ernous sinus with the internal jugular 

 vein. 



Surgical Anatomy. These emissary 

 veins are of great importance in surgery. In 

 addition to them there are, however, other com- 

 munications between the intra- and extra-cra- 

 nial circulation, as. for instance, the communi- 

 cation of the angular and supra-orbital veins 

 with the ophthalmic vein at the inner angle of 

 the orbit (page 653), and the communication 

 of the veins of the scalp with the diploic veins 

 (page 658). Through these communications 

 inflammatory processes commencing on the out- 

 side of the skull may travel inward, leading to 

 osteo-phlebitis of the diploe and inflammation 

 of the membranes of the brain. To this must 

 be attributed one of the principal dangers of 

 scalp wounds and other injuries of the scalp. 



By means of these emissary veins blood 

 may be abstracted almost directly from the 

 intracranial circulation. For instance, leeches 

 applied behind the ear abstract blood almost 

 directly from the lateral sinus through the vein 

 passing through the mastoid foramen. Again, 

 epistaxis in children will frequently relieve severe 

 headache, the blood which flows from the nose 

 being derived from the longitudinal sinus by 

 means of the vein which passes through the 

 foramen caecum, which is another communica- 

 tion between the intracranial and extracranial 

 circulation which is constantly found in children. 



Median cephalic, 



External 

 cutaneous nerce. 



FIG. 387. The superficial veins of the upper extremity. 



VEINS OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY 

 AND THORAX. 



The veins of the Upper Extremity are 

 divided into two sets, superficial and deep. 



The Superficial Veins are placed im- 

 mediately beneath the integument he- 

 tween the two layers of superficial fascia. 



The Deep Veins accompany the ar- 

 teries, and constitute the venae comites 

 of those vessels. 



Both sets of vessels are provided with 

 valves, which are more numerous in the 

 deep than in the superficial. 



The superficial veins of the upper 

 extremity are the 



Superficial veins of the Hand. 



Anterior Ulnar. 



Posterior Ulnar. 



Common Ulnar. 



Radial. 



Median. 



Median Basilic. 



Median Cephalic. 



Basilic. 



Cephalic.. 



The Superficial Veins of the Hand and Fingers are principally situated on the 



