1010 



THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION. 



mal end is not. In general, it is directed upward to the right and backward 

 under the quadrate lobe of the liver and curves backward under the neck of the 

 gall-bladder to make a sharp turn to the right surface of the lumbar column. 

 This is the initial curve. It is so closely related to the liver and gall-bladder 

 that it is stained by bile soon after death. Behind it are the common bile-duct, 

 vena portne, and gastro- duodenal artery. Behind and to the left is the neck of 

 the pancreas, and below, the head of the pancreas. Its anterior surface and a 

 part of its posterior surface near the pylorus are wholly covered by peritoneum, 

 derived from the lig. hepato-duodenale. The length of this portion is so variable, 

 " two inches " (Quain), " often almost inappreciable " (Jonnesco), that the latter 

 author unites it and the curve which follows it under one name, the superior 

 hepatic curve of the duodenum (Fig. 634). Placed on the vena cava inferior and 



Portal veta 



Hepatic duct 



Cystic duct 



Hepatic artery 



Right suprarenal 



capsule 



Pyloric orifice \ 



Rigid gastro-epiploic 

 artery 



Superior mesenteric 

 vein 



Spermatic vessels 



Spermatic vessels 

 Inferior mesenteric artery 



FIG. 634. View of duodenum and its five parts, a, 6, c, d, and e, and pancreas. The part of stomach 

 removed is indicated by dotted lines. (Testut.) 



right kidney, it next descends along the right side of the vertebral column a 

 variable length, usually to the body of the fourth lumbar vertebra, starting from 

 the right side of the first. This is called the vertical, descending, or second por- 

 tion. It is three or four inches long and divided into two parts, supracolic and 

 infracolic, since the transverse colon crosses its middle third. The two layers of 

 transverse mesocolon (Fig. 679) leave an interspace uncovered by peritoneum 

 Avhere the approximated surfaces of duodenum and transverse colon touch except 

 for a little areolar tissue. Above and below this place its anterior surface and 



