1052 THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION. 



right lobe. The posterior part is the fossa of the vena cava, which separates the 

 Spigelian from the right lobe, and is separated from the transverse fissure by the 

 caudate lobe. It is a deep fossa, sometimes a canal ; at its upper part the hepatic 

 veins enter the floor of the fossa and end in the vena cava. The anterior part of 

 this longitudinal fissure is the fossa for the gall-bladder, fossa vesicalis. The pro- 

 posed name is fossa vesicse fellese. It is a shallow, oblong fossa on the under sur- 

 face of the right lobe, and runs from the incisura vesica'lis to near the right end 

 of the transverse fissure. 



The transverse, umbilical, and vesical fissures are on the under surface of the 

 liver, and the fissures for the ductus venosus and vena cava are on the posterior 

 surface. 



Lobes. 



We have seen five lobes, though one, the caudate, is very small. The bound- 

 aries between right and left are, superiorly, the attachment of the falciform ligament; 

 anteriorly, the umbilical incisure ; inferiorly, the lig. teres in the umbilical fissure ; 

 posteriorly, the lig. venosum in the fissure for the ductus venosus. 



The right lobe is much larger than the left, and is of quadrate form. Three 

 fissures are on its under and posterior surfaces : the transverse, and those for gall- 

 bladder and vena cava. These separate three more lobes, all belonging to the right 

 one. Three impressions are seen renal and suprarenal, colic, and duodenal. 



The left lobe is convex above, but less so than the right, and concave below, 

 where it rests on the stomach. This impression is in front of the groove for the 

 oesophagus, and is separated from the longitudinal fissure by the omental tuberosity 

 which lies against the lesser omentum and lesser curvature of the stomach. 



The quadrate or square lobe on the under surface of the right is bounded ante- 

 riorly by the acute margin of the liver ; to the right by the fossa for the gall- 

 bladder ; to the left by the umbilical fissure and behind by the transverse fissure. 

 Its length is greater from before backward than from side to side. It may present 

 an impressio pylorica. 



The caudate lobe or tubercle is on the under surface of the right lobe between 

 the fossa for the gall-bladder and that for the vena cava, at the right end of the 

 transverse fissure. It connects the right lobe with the right lower corner of the 

 Spigelian lobe. 



The Spigelian lobe is on the posterior surface of the right one, looks directly 

 backward, and is wholly included in the atrium bursce omentalis. It reaches below 

 as far as the pancreas and coeliac axis. It is bounded above by the coronary lig- 

 ament ; to the right by the fossa for the vena cava ; to the left by the fissure for 

 the ductus venosus, and below by the transverse fissure. Its left upper angle is 

 partly grooved for the oesophagus. Its papillary tubercle looks directly downward. 



The technical names of the parts seen on the three surfaces of the liver are, in 

 order from left to right 



Superior surface : Upper surface left lobe, umbilical incisure, attachment of 

 falciform ligament, cardiac impression on both lobes, vesical incisure, upper surface 

 of right lobe (Fig. 665). 



Posterior surface : Thin margin of left lobe, oesophageal incisure, lig. venosum 

 in fissure for ductus venosus, lobus Spigelii in front of the tenth and eleventh dorsal 

 vertebrae ; papillary tubercle ; fossa for the vena cava and hepatic veins ; non- 

 peritoneal impression for part of the right suprarenal capsule ; non-peritoneal sur- 

 face of right lobe for the diaphragm (Fig. 666). 



Inferior surface : Gastric impression on the under surface of left lobe ; tuber 

 omentale which includes lower left part of Spigelian lobe; umbilical fissure and lig. 

 teres ; quadrate lobe with impressio pylorica and duodenalis (first portion) ; fossa 

 for gall-bladder ; remainder of under surface of right lobe ; impressio duodenalis 

 (second portion) ; peritoneal impression for suprarenal capsule : impressio renalis 

 posteriorly, and colica, anteriorly. 



There are some abnormal forms of the liver. Frequently the left lobe is so 



