40 CAPPARIDACE^E. (CAPER FAMILY.) 



with ao proper partition. Style long. Seeds as in the Mustard Tribe. Aiv 

 Duals or oicnmals. (The ancient Greek name from pa, quickly, and $cuW, to 

 appear, alluding to the rapid germination.) 



1. B. RAPHANfSTRUM, L. (WlLD RADISH. JOINTED CHARLOCK.) Podfl 



necklace-form, long-beaked ; leaves lyre-shaped, rough ; petals yellow, turning 

 whitish or purplish, veiny. A troublesome weed in fields, in E. New England 

 and New York. (Adv. from Eu.) 



The most familiar representatives of this order in cultivation, not already 

 mentioned, are 



CHEIRANTHUS CHE^RI, the well-known WALL-FLOWER. 



MATTHfoLA ANNUA, and other sorts of STOCK. 



HESPERIS MATRONALIS, the ROCKET, which .begins to escape from gardens. 



BRASSICA OLERACEA, of which the CABBAGE, KOHL-RABI, CAULIFLOWER, 

 and BROCCOLI are forms : B. CAMPESTRIS, which furnishes the SWEDISH TUR- 

 NIP or RUTABAGA : and B. R\PA, the COMMON TURNIP. The latter become* 

 spontaneous for a year or two in fields where it has been raised. 



RAPHANUS SATlvus, the RADISH ; inclines sometimes to be spontaneous. 



LUNARIA BIJSNNIS, the MOONWORT or HONESTY, with its broad flat pods. 



IBERIS UMBELLATA, the CANDY-TUFT, and ALYSSUM MARITIMUM, the 

 SWEET ALYSSUM. 



LspfDiUM SATivuM, the cultivated PEPPERGRASS. 



ISATIS TINCTORIA, the "WoAD, of the division Nucumentacece, having inde- 

 hiscent l-celled fmit. 



ORDER 13. CAPPARIDACETE. (CAPER FAMILY.) 



Herbs (when in northern regions), with cruciform flowers, but G or more 

 not tetradynamous stamens, a l-celled pod with 2 parietal placenta;, and kid- 

 ney-shaped seeds. Pod as in Cruciferae, but with no partition, often 

 stalked : seeds similar, but the embryo coiled rather than folded. Leaves 

 alternate, mostly palmately compound. Often witli the acrid or pungent 

 qualities of Cruciferae (as is familiar in capers, the flower-buds of Cappa- 

 ris spinosa) ; also commonly bitter and nauseous. Represented within OJT 

 limits only by the following plant. 



1. POL AN I SI A, Raf. POLANISIA. 



Sepals 4. Petals 4, with claws, notched at the apex. Stamens 8-32, une- 

 qual. Receptacle not elongated, bearing a gland behind the base of the ovary. 

 Pod stalkless or nearly so, linear or oblong, veiny, turgid, many-seeded. 

 Fetid annuals, with glandular or clammy hairs. Flowers in leafy racemes. 

 (Name from iro\vs , mam/, and avuros, unequal, points in which the genus differs 

 in its stamens from Clcome.) 



1. P. graveolcns, Raf. Leaves with 3 oblong leaflets ; stamens about 

 11, scarcely exceeding the petals; style short, pod slightly stalked. Gravelly 



