44 VIOLACE^E. (VIOLFT FAMILY.) 



sides, Maine to Ohio and Kentucky ; rare. June, July. Spur ' long. An- 

 ther-spurs also very long. 



13 V. Mulilcnbergii, Torr. (AMERICAN DOG VIOLET.) Stems 



ascending (3' - 7' long), at length with creeping branches ; leaves round-heart- 

 shaped, or the lowest kidney-form, crenate, the uppermost slightly pointed; 

 stipules lanceolate, fringe-toothed ; spur cylindrical, about half the length of the 

 pale violet petals, the lateral ones slightly bearded ; stigma beaked. Shaded wet 

 places ; common. May, June. 



14. V. Striata, Ait. (PALE VIOLET.) Stems anguiar, ascending, 

 branching (6 -10' high); leaves heart-shaped, finely serrate, often acute; sti- 

 pules oblong-lanceolate, large, strongly fringe-toothed ; spur thickish, much shorter 

 than the cream-colored petals, the lateral ones bearded, the lower striped with 

 purplish lines; stigma beaked. Low grounds ; common, especially westward. 

 April - Oct. 



15. V. Canadensis, L. (CANADA VIOLET.) Upright (l- 2 high); 

 leaves heart-shaped, pointed, serrate ; stipules ovate-lanceolate, entire ; petals white 

 or whitish inside, the upper ones tinged with violet beneath, the lateral bearded ; 

 spur vert/ short ; stigma beakless, hairy on each side. Rich woods ; common 

 northward and along the Alleghanies. May -Aug. 



v- *- Stems mostly simple, erect, naked below, and 2 - ^-leaved above : stipules nearly 

 entire : flowers yellow : stigma not beaked, but bearded on each side. 



16. V. pubescens, Ait. (DOWNY YELLOW VIOLET.) Softly pubes- 

 cent (6' -12' high) ; haves very broadly heai-t-shaped, toothed, somewhat pointed; 

 stipules ovate or ovate-lanceolate, large ; spur extremely short ; lower petals 

 veined with purple. Woods ; common. May - Aug. 



Var. eriocarpa, Nutt. More pubescent, stout, l-2 high; pods wool- 

 ly. (V. criocarpa, Schwein.) Common westward. 



Var. ScabrillSCllla, Torr. & Gray. Smaller and greener, slightly 

 pubescent; stems often decumbent (4' -10' high). Khode Island to Ohio and 

 Kentucky. 



17. V. hastata, Michx. (HALBERD-LEAVED VIOLET.) Nearly gla- 

 brous, slender (4' -10' high) ; stem-leaves halbei-d-shaped, slightly serrate, acute ; 

 tipulcs ovate, small; spur very short. Mountains of Pennsylvania and south- 

 ward. June. 



* * * Leafy-stemmed annuals or biennials : the 4 upper petals ascending. 



18. V. TRfcoLOR, L. (PANSY. HEART'S-EASE.) Stem angled and 

 branched; leaves roundish, or the upper oval and the lowest heart-shaped, cre- 

 nate or entire ; stiptiles very large and leaf-like, lyrate-pinnatifid ; petals vari- 

 able in color or variegated (yellow, whitish, violet-blue and purple) ; in var. 

 ARVENSIS shorter or rather longer than the calyx. Dry or sandy soil, New 

 York to Kentucky and southward : doubtless only a small state of the Garden 

 Pansy run wild. (Nat. from Eu.) 



V. OI*OR\TV, the SWEET VIOLET of Europe, which far excels all the Amer- 

 ican species in fragrance, sometimes grows spontaneously near dwellings. 



