134 oNACiUACE^. (EVENING-PRIMROSE FAMILY.) 



1. C. LiUtctiiina, L. Stem mostly pubescent (l c -2 high); leaves ovate^ 

 pointed, shindy toothed ; bracts none; hairs of the roundish 2-celltd fruit bristly. 

 Mois: woodlands. July. (Eu.) 



2. C. :il |>Itia, L. Low (3' - 8' high), smooth and weak ; leaves heart-shape^ 

 tliin, shining, coarsely toothed; bracts minute; hairs of the obovate-oblong l-tW/&i 

 fruit soft and slender. Cold woods; common northward. July. (Eu.) 



SUJIORDER II. 1IAL.ORACEJC. THE WATER-MILFOIL FAMILY. 



7. PKOSERPINACA, L. MERMAID-WEED. 



Calyx-tube 3-sided, the limb 3-parted. Petals none. Stamens 3. Stigmas 

 3, cylindrical. Fruit bony, 3-angled, 3-celled, 3-seeded, nut-like. Low, peren- 

 nial herbs, with the stems creeping at the base (whence the name, from proserpo, 

 to creep), alternate leaves, and small perfect flowers sessile in the axils, solitary 

 or 3 - 4 together. 



1. P. paliisfriS, L. Leaves lanceolate, sharply serrate, the lower pecti- 

 nate when under water; fruit sharply angled. Wet swamps. June -Aug. 



2. P. pectiliacca, Lam. Leaves all pectinate, the divisions linear-awl- 

 shaped ; fruit rather obtusely angled. Sandy swamps, near the coast. 



8. NIYRIOPIIYL,LUM, Vaill. WATER-MILFOIL. 



Flowers monoecious or polygamous. Calyx of the sterile flowers 4-parted, of 

 the fertile 4-toothed. Petals 4, or none. Stamens 4-8. Fruit nut-like, 4- 

 celled, deeply 4-lobed : stigmas 4, recurved. Perennial aquatics. Leaves 

 crowded, often whorled; those under water pinnately parted into capillary 

 divisions. Flowers sessile in the axils of the upper leaves, produced above 

 water; the uppermost staminate. (Name from fiupi'os, a thousand, and<vXAoi/, 

 a leaf, i. e. Milfoil.) 

 * Stamens 8: petals deciduous : carpels even : leaves whorled i:i threes orfourt. 



1. HI. Spicatlllli, L. Leaves all pinnately parted and capillary, except 

 the floral ones or bracts; these are ovate, entire or toothed, and chiefly shorter than 

 the flowers, which thus appear to form an interrupted leafless spike. Deep 

 water, common. July, Aug. (Eu.) 



2. M. VCrticilliitUIIl, L. Floral leaves much lon/jtr than the flou'ers. r-e;- 

 tinate-pinnatifld: otherwise nearly as No. 1. Ponds, &c. northward. (Eu.) 



# * Stamens 4 : petals rather persistent : carpels 1 - 2-ridyed and roughened on the 

 back : leaves whorled in fours and Jives, the lower with capillary divisions. 



3. HI. tietcropliylllim, Michx. Stem stout ; floral lir<s orate ana 

 lanceolate, thick, crowded, sharply serrate, the lowest pinnatifid ; fruit obscurely 

 roughened. Lakes and rivers, from N. New York westward and southward. 



4. HI. SCabra turn, Michx. Stem rather slender ; lower leaves pinnately 

 parted with few capillary divisions ; floral leaves linear (rarely scattered), pectinate 

 toothed or cut-serralc : carpels strongly Z-ridgcd and roughened on the back. Shal 

 low ponds, from Rhode Island and Ohio southward. 



