182 COMPOSITE, (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 



* * * Receptacle chaffy. 



49. MARSHALIJA. Rays none. Involucre of many narrow chaffy scales. 

 0. GALINSOGA. Rays 4 or 6, short, pistillate. Involucre of 4 or 5 ovate chaffy scales. 



Subtribe 5. ANTHEMIDHLE. Heads radiate or discoid ; the perfect flowers sometime* infes- 

 tile, and the pistillate flowers rarely tubular. Pappus a short crown or none. Other- 

 wise nearly as Subtribe 4. 



* Receptacle chaffy, at least in part : rays ligulate. 



61. MARUTA. Rays neutral. Achenia obovoid, ribbed. Pappus none. 



62. ANTIIKMIS. Rays pistillate. Achenia terete or 4-angular. Pappus minute or none. 

 6a ACIIILLEA. Rays pistillate, short. Acheuia flattened and margined, 



* * Receptacle naked. 



54. LEUCANTHEMUM. Rays numerous, pistillate. Receptacle flattish. Achenia striate 01 

 ribbed Pappus none. 



65. MATRICARIA. Rays pistillate or none ; then all the flowers perfect. Receptacle conical 



Pappus crown-like or none. 



66. TANACETUM. Rays none, but the marginal flowers pistiUate. Achenia broad at the top. 



Pappus a short crown. 



B7. ARTEMISIA. Rays none ; some of the outer flowers often pistillate Achenia narrow at 

 the top. Pappus none. 



Subtribe 6. GNAPHALINE.JE. Heads all discoid, with tubular corollas; those of the fertile 

 flowers filiform. Anthers with tails at their base Pappus of capillary bristles. Floc- 

 culent-woolly herbs : leaves alternate. 



68. GNAPHALIUM. Receptacle naked, flat. Heads containing both perfect and pistillate 



flowers Bristles of the pappus all slender. 

 69 ANTENNARIA. Receptacle naked, flat. Heads dioecious, or nearly so. Pappus of the 



staminate flowers thickened or club-shaped at the summit. 



60. FILAGO. Receptacle columnar or top-shaped, chaffy. Pappus of the inner flowers capil- 



lary, of the outer often none. 



Subtribe 7. SENECIONE.S. Heads radiate or discoid ; the central flowers perfect. Anthers 

 tailless. Pappus capillary. Receptacle naked (Scales of the involucre commonly in a 

 single row.) ^ 

 * Heads discoid, with two kinds of flowers, the outer pistillate and with filiform corollas. 



61. EREOIITIIITES. Pappus copious, very fine and soft. Flowers whitish. 



* * Heads radiate, or discoid and then with perfect flowers only. 

 - Leaves alternate. 



62. CACALIA. Heads 5 - many-flowered. Rays none. Flowers white or cream-color. 



03. SENEC10. Heads many-flowered, with or without rays. Flowers yellow. Pappus soft 



- -i- Leaves opposite. 

 64. ARNICA. Heads many-flowered, radiate. Pappus of rough denticulate bristles. 



TRIBE V. CYNARE^E. Heads (in our species) discoid, with the flowers tubular, or 

 Borne of the outer corollas enlarged and appearing like rays, but not ligulate. Style 

 thickened or thickish near the summit ; the branches stigmatic to the apex, without 

 any appendage, often united below. (Heads large.) 



* Marginal flowers mostly neutral or sterile Pappus not plumose. 



66. CENTAUREA. Achenia flat. Pappus of short naked bristles, or none. Marginal neutnu 

 flowers commonly enlarged. 



66. CNICUS. Achenia terete, bearing 10 horny teeth and a pappus of 10 long and 10 shortei 



rigid naked bristles. Marginal flowers inconspicuous. 



* * Flowers all alike in the ovoid or globular head. 



67. CIRSIUM. Achenia smooth. Pappus of plumose bristles. Receptacle clothed wno 



long and soft bristles. 



68. CARDUUS. Pappus of naked bristles : otherwise aa No 67. 



