214: COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.^ 



4-toothcd crown. Shrubby low maritime plants, coriaceous or fleshy, with 

 opposite nearly entire leaves, and solitary peduncled terminal heads of yellow 

 Sowers : anthers blackish. (Named for Olof Borrich, a Danish botanist.) 



1. B. frutcsceiiS, DC. Whitened with a minute silky pubescence 

 (6'- 12' high) ; leaves spatulate-oblong or lanceolate, often toothed near the 

 base; chaff rigidly pointed. Virginia and southward. 



35. IIEL.IOPSIS, Pers. OX-EYE. 



Heads many-flowered, radiate; the rays 10 or more, fertile. Scales of the 

 involucre in 2 or 3 rows ; the outer leaf-like and somewhat spreading, the inner 

 shorter than the disk. Receptacle conical : chaff linear. Achenia smooth, 4- 

 angular. Pappus none, or a mere border. Perennial herbs, like Helianthus. 

 Heads showy, peduncled, terminating the stem or branches Leaves opposite, 

 petiolcd, triple-ribed, serrate. Flowers yellow. (Name composed of 17X10$, 

 the sun, and etyas, appearance, from a resemblance to the Sunflower.) 



1. II. lie vis, Pers. Nearly smooth (l-4 high) ; leaves ovate-lanceo- 

 late or oblong-ovate. Var. scABRA has roughish foliage, and the involucre 

 somewhat hoaiy . Banks and copses ; common. Aug. 



36. ECIIINACEA, Mcench. PURPLE CONE-FLOWER. 



Heads many-flowered, radiate ; the rays very long, drooping, pistillate but 

 sterile. Scales of the involucre imbricated, lanceolate, spreading. Receptacle 

 conical ; the lanceolate chaff tipped with a cartilaginous point, longer than the 

 disk-flowers. Achenia thick and short, 4-sided. Pappus a small toothed border. 

 Perennial herbs, with the stout and nearly simple stems naked above and ter- 

 minated by a single large head ; the leaves chiefly alternate, 3-5-nerved. Rays 

 rose-purple, rather persistent ; disk purplish. (Name formed from 'E^u/os, the 

 Hedgehog, or Sea-urchin, in allusion to the spiny chaff of the disk.) 



1. E. purptlrea, Mcench. Leaves rough, often serrate ; the lowos* 

 ovate, 5-nerved, veiny, long-petioled ; the others ocate-lanceolate ; involucre imbri- 

 cated in 3-5 rows; stem smooth, or in one variety (E. scrotum, DC.) rough 

 bristly, as well as the leaves. Prairies and banks, from W. Penn. and Ohio 

 southward and westward. July. Rays 15 -20, dull purple (rarely whitish). 

 l'-2' long. Root thick, black, very pungent to the taste, used in popular med 

 icine under the name of Blade Sampson. 



2. E. angtistifolia, DC. Leaves, as well as the slender simple stem, 

 bristly-hairy, lanceolate and linear-lanceolate, 3-nerved, entire; involucre less imbri- 

 cated ; rays 12-15 (2' long), rose-color or red. Plains, from Illinois and Wis- 

 consin southwestward. Jane -Aug. 



37. RUDBECKIA, L. CONE-FLOWER. 



Heads many-flowered, radiate ; the rays neutral. Scales of the involucre 

 leaf-like, in about 2 rows, spreading. Receptacle conical or eolumrai , the short 

 chaff concave, not rigid. Achenia 4-angular, smooJi, not margined, flat at the 





