COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 235 



TO. L.APPA, Tourn. BURDOCK. 



Heads many-flowered, the flowers all perfect and similar. Involucre globular; 

 the imbricated scales coriaceous and appressed at the base, tipped with an abrupt 

 and spreading awl-shaped hook-pointed appendage. Receptacle bristly. Ache- 

 nia oblong, flattened, wrinkled transversely. Pappus short, of numerous rough 

 bristles, not united at the base, deciduous. Coarse biennial weeds, with very 

 large unarmed heart-shaped and petioled leaves, the lower surface somewhat 

 woolly. Heads small, solitary or clustered : flowers purple, rarely white. 

 (Name from Aa/3eii>, to lay hold, the involucre forming a hooked bur which hold8 

 tenaciously to the dress, or the fleece of animals.) 



1. L. MAJOR, Ga3rtn. (COMMON BURDOCK.) Upper leaves ovate, tho 

 lower heart-shaped ; involucre smoothish. (Arctium Lappa, L.) Wastu 

 places in rich soil and around dwellings. A variety with woolly heads (L. 

 tomentosa, Lam.), rarely with pinnatifid leaves, is occasionally seen. (Nat. 

 from Eu.) 



SUBORDER II. LICJUHFJLORJE. (CICHORACE^E.) 



71. L.AMPSANA, Tourn. NIPPLE-WORT. 



ileads 8-12-flowered. Scales of the cylindrical involucre 8, erect, in one 

 row. Receptacle naked. Achenia oblong. Pappus none. Slender branch- 

 ing herbs, with angled or toothed leaves, and loosely panicled small heads : 

 flowers yellow. (Name from XOTTTO), to purge. It should rather be Lapsana, as 

 written by Linnaeus.) 



1. It. COMMUNIS, L. Nearly smooth ; lower leaves ovate, sometimes lyre- 

 shaped. (J) Road-sides, near Boston. (Adv. from Eu.) 



72. CICHORIUM, Tourn. SUCCORY or CICHORT. 



Heads several-flowered. Involucre double ; the outer of 5 short spreading 

 scales, the inner of 8-10 scales. Achenia striate. Pappus of numerous very 

 small chaffy scales, forming a short crown. Branching perennials, with deep 

 roots ; the sessile heads 2 or 3 together, axillary and terminal. Flowers bright 

 blue, showy. f Altered from the Arabian name of the plant.) 



1, C. INTYBUS, L. Stem-leaves oblong or lanceolate, partly clasping, the 

 lowest runcinate, those of the rigid flowering branches minute. Road-sides ; 

 common near the coast, especially in Mass. July -Oct. (Nat. from Eu.) 



73. K.BIOIA, Schreber. DWARF DANDELION. 



Heads 15-20-flowered. Scales of the involucre several, in about 2 rows. 

 Achenia top-shaped, many-striate or angled. Pappus double ; the outer of 5 

 broad and rounded chaffy scales ; the inner of as many alternate slender bris- 

 tles. Small annuals or biennials, branched from the base ; the leaves chiefly 

 radical, lyrate or toothed, the small heads terminating the naked scapes of 

 branches. Flowers yellow. (Named after D. Krieg, an early German botani 

 cal collector in this country.) 



