374 POLTGONACE^E. (BUCKWHEAT FAMILY.) 



sessile (greenish-white, sometimes tinged with purple) ; sheaths much shottei 

 than the lower leaves ; stamens 5 or 8 ; fruit enclosed in the calyx, dull, minutely 

 wrinkUd-striate or granular under a lens, (i, Waste places and gravelly banku ; 

 everywhere the commonest weed. (Eu.) 



Var. erectlllll, Roth. Stems upright or ascending ; leaves broader (ob- 

 long or oval) and larger; stamens commonly 5. (P. erectum, L.) In richer 

 soil or more shaded places ; common. 



Var. littoralc, Link. Prostrate, very short-jointed ; leaves elliptical-lan- 

 ceolate or narrowly oblong, thickened, glaucous ; the sheaths larger in propor- 

 tion; fruit longer than the calyx, smooth. (3) (P. maritimum, Ray, &c. P. 

 glaucum, Nutt. P. Robert!, Lois.) Sandy sea-beach, Rhode Island to Vir- 

 ginia. Probably a mere state of P. aviculare altered by salt water. (Eu.) 



12. P. ramosissillllllll, Michx. Stems erect or ascending, much 

 branched (2 -4 high), rigid, many-striatc ; leaves lanceolate or linear, tapering 

 into a petiole ; sheaths mostly short ; flowers greenish-white (yellowish in drying); 

 stamens commonly 6; fruit smooth and shining, partly protruded from the calyx. 

 (J) Sandy shores and banks of streams; Michigan to Illinois and southward. 

 Salt marshes, Rhode Island, Olney. Aug. - Oct. Larger leaves 2' long. 



13. P. telliie, Michx. (SLENDKK KNOTGRASS.) Stem slender, upright, 

 sparingly branched (6'-12' high), sharp-angled ; leaves sessile, narrowly linear, 

 very acute ; sheaths capillary fringed ; flowers greenish-white ; fruit smooth and 

 shining. (5) Dry sd\t, and rocky hills ; rather common. July - Sept. 



* * Flowers solitary from the axils of closely approximated or imbricated truncate 

 bracts, forming many-jointed terminal spikes: sheaths cylindrical, naked, entire. 



14. P. articillatum, L. (JOINTWEED.) Stem upright, parviculately 

 branched (4' -12' high), slender; leaves lincar-thread-form, deciduous; flow- 

 ers crowded in slender and spike-like panicled racemes, on recurved pedicels 

 twice the length of the joint-like bracts (bright rose-color) ; fruit smooth ano 

 shining. Dry, sandy soil; common along the coast, along all the Great 

 Lakes, and in intermediate places in New York. Aug. Singular for its many- 

 jointed spikes or racemes, which are l'-3' long; the lower bracts tmtth-pointcd 

 on one side. Not a Polygoncllal 



I 5. TOVARIA, Adans. Calyx rather herbaceous (qreenisJi], ttnequally4-pttr\ed: 



stamens 5 : styles 2, distinct, rigid and persistent on the smooth lenticular aclier.inm 

 (cotyledons olilong, accnmbent) : perennial : Jioivers loosely disposed in a naked long 

 and slender spike. 



15. P. Virgin! a mi 111, L. Almost smooth ; stem terete, upright 

 (2 -4 high) ; leaves ovate, or the upper ovntc-lunceolnte, taper-pointed, round 

 ed at the base, short-petiolcd, rough-ciliate (3' -6' long); sheaths cylindrical, 

 truncate, hairy and fringed ; flowers 1-3 from each bract, somewhat curved, 

 the styles in fruit obliquely bent down, minutely hooked at the tip. Thickets 

 in rich soil ; common. Aug. 



$ 6. TINlARIA, Mcisn. Calyx 5-partcd (rard// 4-partcd) : stamens mostly 8 : 

 styles or capitate stiywis 3, and achenium 3-sided, or, in No. 1G, styles 2 and ach& 



