CUPTJLIFER^:. (OAS FAMILY.) 40tf 



the ovoid large acorn. Low, alluvial grounds, &c. ; common from Venn, 

 southward. A fine tree ; its wood inferior to the White Oak. Acorn fully 

 1' long; the cup of nearly the same diameter. 



Var. inonticola, Michx. (RocK CHESTNUT-OAK.) Acorn ovoid-ob- 

 long, !' long. (Q. montana, Willd.) Apparently only a form of the Swamp 

 Chestnut-Oak, growing in rocky or hilly woodlands ; W. New England to Ohio 

 and southward, especially along the Alleghanies. From the different soil, the 

 timber is more valuable. (Probably belongs to No. 5). 



Var. discolor, Michx. ( SWAMP WHITE-OAK.) Leaves unequally and 

 more deeply sinuate-toothed, often almost sinuate-pinnatijid, whitish-downy beneath, 

 bright green above ; cup with the scales more pointed, the upper sometimes 

 awned, and forming a fringed margin; acorns 1' or less long. (Q. bicolor, 

 Willd.) Low grounds ; common throughout. A marked variety ; but prob 

 ablv nothing more. 



5. <fc. Castftnea, Willd. (YELLOW CHESTNUT-OAK.) Leaves obhm/. 

 lanceolate or oblong, acute, hoary-white and minutely downy underneath, equally 

 and rather sharply toothed; cup hemispherical, thin, of small appresscd scales; 

 acorn ovoid or oblong, small. llich woods, W. New England to Wisconsin 

 and. southward. This has the leaves shaped more like those of the Chestnut 

 than any other, which, with the small fruit, distinguishes it from the last. Cup 

 ' across, fine-scaled : acorns ' long. Tree middle-sized. 



G. Q. pHllOldes, Willd. (CHINQUAPIN or DWARF CHESTNUT-OAK.) 

 Leares obovate and lanceolate oblong, coarsely wavy-toothed, downy imderncatlt ; 

 peduncles short or none ; cup hemispherical, thin; acorn ovoid, small (about as 

 large as in No. 5). (Q. Chinquapin, Pursh.) Sandy soil, New England, and 

 Albany, New York, to Ohio, Kentucky, and southward. Shrub 2 - 6 high. 



2. Fruit not maturing until the second t/ear, sessile or nearly .so ; kernel bitter. 

 * Leaves evergreen, entire or nearly so, hoary beneath. LIVE OAKS. 



7. Cfc. virens, Ait. (LIVE OAK.) Leaves obtuse, coriaceous, oblong or 

 elliptical, hoary beneath; cup top-shaped ; acorn oblong. Coast of Virginia and 

 southward. Farther south becoming a large and invaluable tree. 



8. Cfc. cinerea, Michx. (UPLAND WILLOW-OAK.) I^ea ves aate, lance- 

 oblong, white-downy beneath; cup saucer-shaped ; acorn globular. Pine barrens, 

 Virginia and southward. A small tree ; leaves more or less deciduous. 



* * Leaves deciduous, entire, narrow. WILLOW-OAKS. 



9. Q. PhelloS, L. (WiLLOW-OAK.) Leaves linear-lanceolate, narroiced 

 to both ends, smooth, light green ; cup saucer-shaped ; acom globular. Sandy 

 low woods, Long Island and New Jersey to Kentucky and southward. Tree 

 S0-5ti high, remarkable for the willow-like leaves, which arc 3' -4' loug 

 Fruit small. 



10. <fc. imbricaria, Michx. (LAUREL or SHINGLE OAK.) Leaves 

 lanceolate-oblong, mitcronate, thickish, smooth and shining above, somewhat doimy 

 underneath; cup saucer-shaped ; acorn globular. Barrens and open woodlands, 

 New Jersey to Wisconsin and southward. Tree 30 -50 high; the wood 

 nsed for shingles in the Western States, whence the name. 



