Preface vii 



field to study a particular topic, not to make random ob- 

 servations on plants. A second method is to give each pupil 

 a carefully prepared outline containing questions and direc- 

 tions by which he can make a trip and discover for himself 

 the answers to the questions. Both these methods deserve to 

 be used far more than they are. 



This book has been written to supplement laboratory and 

 field work with plants, not to take the place of such work. 

 Suggestions for laboratory and field work will be found pre- 

 ceding each chapter, but these suggestions include more work 

 than can be accomplished in most high school courses. The 

 teacher should, therefore, select those exercises that are best 

 suited to the needs of a particular class, and which are best 

 adapted to the laboratory equipment and the plant material 

 available. 



