32 ONE YEAR OLD STOCK. 



have met with but little success in growing this 

 variety as a standard. All other kinds that we have 

 under culture do better as standards. By a simple 

 and judicious system of pruning, I lind little diffi- 

 culty in bringing them into bearing the fourth or 

 fifth year from the time of planting. Nor is the 

 fruit inferior in quality on our soil, although speci- 

 mens of the same variety are frequently larger on 

 the dwarf than on the standard. 



The majority of our Duchesse d'Angoulem trees 

 have become standards by pushing out roots from 

 the pear stocks, but they are more profitable than 

 when planted on pear roots. The standard Duchesse, 

 or those originally having pear roots, that we have 

 in the orchard, are less productive, and the fruit is 

 inferior in size and quality. 



For many years during our early experience in 

 pear culture, we planted trees in the orchard not 

 less than two years old, believing that younger trees 

 would not do as well. On this point we have 

 changed both opinion and practice, and we now 

 select well-grown, one year old stock, in preference 

 to all others, for the following reasons : trees of this 

 age cost about one-half as much ; when planted in 

 the orchard, they will become more uniform in 

 shape and size, with less labor ; the purchaser will 

 get moro roots in comparison with the tops ; and the 



