44 EACH LAYER OF ROOTS. 



almost a sure way of forcing roots from the pear 

 above the union ; and from twenty-five such incis- 

 ions that I made three years ago, I found recently, 

 k on removing the trees, twelve healthy pear roots, 

 formed in that time. 



When dwarfs are planted in the way described, 

 they will succeed much better than if the union is 

 at or above the surface. Standards, or pears worked 

 on their own stock, should not be planted more than 

 four inches deeper than they stood in the nursery. 

 The pear root is more fleshy with less small roots 

 than the quince, and therefore great care should be 

 taken, both in "lifting" from the nursery row and 

 in transplanting. On no account should the roots 

 be left exposed, either to the sun or to a strong 

 wind. 



When the tree is in place and at the proper 

 depth, fill in around the roots with surface soil. 

 One man should hold the tree in position, while one 

 or more assist in putting the earth around the roots, 

 each of which should be drawn out to its full length 

 and at right angles with the body of the tree. Too 

 much care cannot be given to this branch of the 

 work, for it is all important that the roots should be 

 surrounded by fine earth and placed in a natural 

 position. Each layer of roots should be held up 

 until the earth is up to its level, then stretch it out, 



