THE TIME OF BUDDING. 63 



3d. Less surface is shaded with the pyramidal 

 than with higher and more spreading forms of 

 growth. 



4th. The trunk is not exposed to the direct 

 rajs of the sun, and consequently the flow of sap is 

 not unduly accelerated, as would otherwise be the 

 result. 



5th. The fruit spurs are formed on the main 

 branches, near the body of the tree, and of course 

 more weight of fruit can be sustained with less in- 

 jury to the tree. 



6th. Thinning out and gathering the fruit are 

 made easier, and consequently they will be more 

 likely to be attended to at the proper time. 



Numerous other advantages might be given, but 

 those mentioned afford sufficient argument in favor 

 of having the head of the tree as near the ground 

 as possible. 



One year from the time of budding, the young 

 tree consists of a single upright shoot, with the 

 largest buds at the top. Whether the tree is re- 

 moved from or left in the nursery row another year, 

 one-half at least of this growth should be cut off. 

 At the close of the second year's growth, the tree 

 will consist of a central or main shoot with nu- 

 merous side branches. The most vigorous of these 

 are near the upper part of the central shoot, while the 



