ALL NEW VARIETIES. 



107 



in our history as a nation has there been greater 

 need of practical and definite information on the 

 subject of horticulture than at present. 



All new varieties must be obtained by sowing 

 seed and waiting patiently for such seedlings to pro- 

 duce fruit. This was a slow and tedious process, 

 taking from fifteen to twenty-five years, before 

 enough data could be gained,"either to recommend 

 or to discard a seedling. This length of time, how- 

 ever, has been overcome, and now, with the practi- 

 cal application of budding, grafting and pruning, 

 the same results can be secured in five years that 

 formerly took a quarter of a century. 



PEAR STOCK. The established varieties are easily 

 multiplied by budding and grafting. What are 

 known as standards, are budded or grafted on pear 

 roots; and dwarfs are those worked on the Angers 

 Quince roots, which make a good union with some 

 varieties of the pear. 



Although pear suckers are sometimes used for 

 stock, seedlings are always preferable for this pur- 

 pose. The business of growing seedlings for stock 

 is quite distinct from the general nursery trade, and 

 many who propagate pear trees on a large scale, 

 purchase their stock from some one here, or import 

 their yearly supply. 



In order to grow healthy seedlings for stock, the 



