102 THE PESTS OF THE FARM. 



pencils extending forwards from the first ring, and a single plL s 

 on the top of the eleventh ring. The head, and the two little re- 

 tractile warts on the ninth and tenth rings are coral red ; there is 

 a narrow black or brownish stripe along the top of the back, ;ind 

 a wider dusky stripe on each side of the body. These pretty cat- 

 erpillars do not ordinarily herd together, but sometimes our apple- 

 trees are much infested by them. When they have done eating, 

 they spin their cocoons on the leaves, or on the branches or trunks 

 of the trees, or on fences in the vicinity. The chrysalis is not only 

 beset with little hairs or down, but has three oval clusters of branny 

 scales on the back. In about eleven days after the change to the 

 chrysalis is effected, the last transformation follows, and the insects 

 come forth in the adult state, the females wingless, and the males 

 with large ashen-gray wings, crossed by wavy darker bands on the 

 upper pair, on which, moreover, is a small black spot near the tip, 

 and a minute white crescent near the outer hind angle. The body 

 of the male is small and slender, with a row of little tufts along 

 the back, and the wings expand one inch and three eighths. The 

 females are of a lighter gray color than the males, their bodies are 

 very thick, and of an oblong oval shape, and, though seemingly 

 wingless, upon close examination two little scales, or stinted wing- 

 lets, can be discovered on each shoulder. These females lay their 

 eggs upon the top of their cocoons, and cover them with a large 

 quantity of frothy matter, which on drying becomes white and 

 brittle. Different broods of these insects appear at various times in 

 the course of the summer, but the greater number come to matu- 

 rity and lay their eggs in the latter part of August, and the begin- 

 ning of September ; and these eggs are not hatched till the follow- 

 ing summer. The name of this moth is Orgyia leucostigma, the 

 white-marked Orgyia or tussock-moth. In Hovey's Gardener's 

 Magazine Mr. Ives states, that on passing through an apple orchard 

 in February, he " perceived nearly all the trees speckled with occa- 

 sional dead leaves, adhering so firmly to the brarches as to require 

 considerable force to dislodge them. Each le**f covered a small 

 patch of from one to two hundred eggs, united together, as well as 

 to the leaf, by a gummy and silken fibre, peculiar to the moth." 

 In March he "visited the same orchard, and, as an experiment, 

 cleared three trees, from which he took twenty-one bunches of eggs. 

 The remainder of the trees he left untouched until the tenth of May, 

 when he found the caterpillars were hatred from the eggs, and had 

 commenced their slow but sure ravages. He watched them from 



