VARIATION IN PUP^E. 201 



and their more or less oviform pupa (Pupa Latreille) ; 

 tlie Coleoptera (figs. 41, 42, and 43), Hymenoptera, and some 

 Diptera, by the scaly head of the larva (Larva Latreille), 

 and the disengaged limbs of the pupa (Nympha Latreille;) 

 and the Orthoptera (figs. 30, 31), Hemiptera, &c., by the 

 active imago-like larva (Demi-larva Latreille), and active pupa 

 (Demi-nympha). Thus, by an ingenious arrangement, we 

 have the following distribution of metamorphoses : 



1. Metamorphosis inchoata, equivalent to the Linnaeau 



section, having complete pupa. 



2. M. dimidiata, semi-complete pupa. 



A. Respiration in larva tracheal. Gryllus, &c. (M. semi- 

 completa Fabricius.) 



B. Respiration in larva branchial. Ephemera, (M. sub- 

 semi-completa MacLeay.) 



3. M. perfecta. Preparatory states, Semi-larva and Semi- 



nympha Latreille. 



A. Pupa with detached limbs (Pupa incompleta Linn.) 

 Preparatory states, Larva and Nympha Latreille. 

 (Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, &c.) 



B. Pupa mummy-shaped (P. obtecta Linn.) Preparatory 

 states, Eruca and Chrysalis Latreille. (Lepidoptera.) 



C. Pupa concealed by an egg-shaped covering, formed 

 of the skin of the larva (P. coarctata Linn.) Pre- 

 paratory states, Vermi-larva and Pupa Latreille. 

 (Diptera.) 



Mr. Newman, in the Memoir already alluded to, has given 

 another and equally ingenious arrangement of insects from 

 their preparatory states. The names of his groups are, how- 

 ever, like those of Linnaeus, founded merely upon the nature 

 of the pupa state, and therefore cannot be applied as charac- 

 teristic of the general metamorphosis. His arrangement is 

 as follows : 



