SEGMENTS OF PUP&. 211 



The body of the caterpillar consists of twelve segments, 

 exclusive of the head and anus, and on each side of the 1st, 

 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, and llth of these segments, 

 a small oval spiracle or breathing pore is to be observed, 

 making together eighteen. In the pupa, notwithstanding 

 the great alteration which has taken place in the size and 

 disposition of the segments, we notice, besides the head, 

 first, a small, nearly square, piece, being the remains of the 

 first segment, having, on each side, a small breathing pore ; 

 next, a large dorsal piece, giving rise to the large anterior 

 wings, which is the second segment ; then a short dorsal 

 piece, giving rise to the second wings, being the third seg- 

 ment ; after which, follows another short segment, of which 

 the spiracles are not observable, which is succeeded by seven 

 spiraculiferous rings ; then comes another ring, without spi- 

 racles, and the body is terminated by a plate covering the 

 anal organs. This description was taken from a living male 

 chrysalis of the splendid large Emperor moth (Pavonia 

 major), an inhabitant of France. 



The chrysalides of various moths exhibit a singular cir- 

 cumstance, not hitherto satisfactorily accounted for, but 

 which presents an interesting instance of that parental care 

 " which nature so conspicuously manifests towards the most 

 insignificant (if any can be called such) of her productions." 

 The small Eggar moth, Eriogaster lanestris, is one of the 

 most remarkable of these species, doomed to a regular 

 appearance, in the winged state, at the termination of the 

 cold and ungenial month of February, nature (that it may 

 not fail and become extinct) reserves a small portion of it 

 annually, in the pupa state, until the February following 

 that of its pupation, and sometimes even until the third oc- 

 currence of that frigid month, denying their emancipation all 

 the intermediate time, and thus effectually securing, by these 

 unusual means, the safety and perpetuation of an animal, 



