LEPIDOPTERA : TRANSFORMATIONS. 397 



have seen at Berlin a specimen of the scarce egger-moth, 

 which was actually quartered in this manner, the front part 

 of the body and front wings being half male and half female, 

 and the hind part and hind wings half female and half male. 

 M. Andersegg, a Swiss entomologist, has also observed a 

 specimen of Setina, which exhibited not only hermaphro- 

 ditism, but also hybridism, one side being that of a male 

 (S. ramosa), the other a female (S. aurita). 



These insects undergo, in a remarkable degree, the trans- 

 formations to which insects are subject, being produced 

 from eggs, and appearing as caterpillars. 



There is the greatest possible difference in the appearance 

 of these insects in this stage of their existence, so that it is 

 difficult to lay down any general observations upon them. 

 They are, for the most part, of an elongated and cylindric 

 form, and the body is fleshy, often entirely naked, but oftener 

 clothed with hairs, spines, tubercles, or warts. They are 

 composed of thirteen rings, of which the first represents the 

 head: the second, third, fourth, the thorax; and the re- 

 mainder the abdomen of the perfect moth or butterfly : more- 

 over, on each side of the body, nine breathing spiracles are 

 to be observed. The head is generally of a more scaly nature 

 than the remainder of the body, and is furnished on each 

 side with six minute shining tubercles, which appear to be 

 the rudimental eyes of the future insect, as well as with two 

 short conical antennae, and a mouth furnished with a pair of 

 very robust jaws, two fleshy under jaws with their two palpi, 

 and an under lip with its two palpi. The silken matter 

 which is spun by these insects, and which in the silk-worm 

 (which is the caterpillar of Bombyx mori) constitutes one of 

 the most valuable of insect productions, is elaborated in 

 several long internal vessels, of which the extremities are 

 narrowed and terminated in a tubular and conical tubercle, 

 situated at the tip of the lower lip, which thus acts as a spin- 



