80 INSTINCT AND REASON. 



the voice depends. And as for the stress which he 

 lays upon the rudimentary moral and aesthetic facul- 

 ties of savages, we have shown that numbers of other 

 animals likewise have rudimentary moral faculties, 

 while Mr. Wallace himself makes it probable that 

 many have a taste for colour 1 , and that { their powers 

 of vision and their faculties of perception and emo- 

 tion must be essentially of the same nature as our 

 own 2 / 



Truly in one sense every variation is prepared in 

 advance, only to be fully utilized in the future pro- 

 gress of the creature that varies. Every variation, 

 I doubt not, is so prepared in advance by a superior 

 intelligence, but under the general laws which that 

 intelligence has ordained, and not by a special inter- 

 ference. The real progress of each creature, within 

 the spheres at least of consciousness and intelligence, 

 would seem to consist in its growing capacity for 

 perceiving and understanding, for entering into fel- 

 lowship with, beings superior to itself. In mental 

 powers the dog- and the horse become more and more 

 like man, the closer and the more continuous the inter- 

 course. Could they learn our language or we theirs, 

 the progress might be indefinitely hastened. In the 

 general progress onwards and upwards, man, it may 

 be believed, then first became the indisputable lord 

 and chief over his fellow animals, when his reason 

 had so far advanced that he could comprehend the 



1 'Essays on Natural Selection/ p. 248. 2 Ibid. p. 128. 



