18 THE INTERNAL SECRETIONS 1920 



tative disorder. For the syndrome or complex types 

 of a quantitative nature reference should be made to 

 the works of Biedl, 1 Schaefer, 2 v. Frankl-Hochwart 3 

 and Falta. 4 The clinical picture in those quantitative 

 endocrine disturbances will give one the well-recog- 

 nized giant, the dwarf, the case of infantilism, Addi- 

 son's disease, and so forth. That is, these quantitative 

 types might be placed in the same group of disorders as 

 any actually destroyed tissue or function, that of an 

 organic or structural inferiority, 5 a lack of develop- 

 ment (aplasia) or a cessation of function at a time com- 

 paratively earlier than the remainder of the body tis- 

 sue. In those endocrine disorders, however, of the 

 qualitative type the syndromes or symptom-complexes 

 will be less marked in direct relation to any endocrine 

 gland or group of glands and more marked in relation 

 to the vessel tone and its effect upon the whole system. 

 It seems, therefore, quite essential to divide the body 

 into such components as are involved in the so-called 

 symptom-complex mechanisms. The author's theoret- 

 ical and working divisions are the mucocutaneous, the 

 cardiovascular, the internal secretory system, the 

 autonomic (vegetative) nervous system, the cerebro- 

 spinal system; and the three important interrelating 

 factors personality, emotion and environment. 



THE MUCOCUTANEOUS SYSTEM 



If one could estimate theoretically the area of the 

 skin it would equal, approximately, three by five feet. 

 In addition, there should be considered the length and 

 breadth of the gastrointestinal tract from the muco- 

 cutaneous junction at the mouth to the mucocutaneous 

 junction at the anal opening. 



Histologically the skin and mucous membrane might 

 be divided theoretically into three parts, the glandular, 

 the vascular and the neuromuscular. In the skin are 

 the sebaceous and sudoriparous or sweat glands, the 



