PATHOGENIC BACTERIA 151 



Capsule. Stained as follows: 

 Cover-glasses: 



1. Acetic acid, two minutes. 



2. Allow acetic acid to dry by blowing air upon it through 

 a glass tube. 



3. Saturated anilin-water. Gentian-violet, ten seconds. 



4. Rinse in water. Mount in Canada balsam. 

 For sections: 



1. Stain for twenty-four hours in the following, warmed: 



Concentrated alcoholic gentian-violet 50.0 



Aqua 100.0 



Acetic acid 10.0. M. 



2. Rinse in i per cent, acetic acid. 



3. Alcohol to dehydrate. Mount in balsam. 



The capsule will be found stained a light blue, the bacillus a 

 deep blue. (See also the Capsule Stain of Hiss, p. 35, and that 

 of Burger.) 



Patho genesis. Animals are not affected unless the culture is 

 injected intrapleural. 



Pneumobacillus of Frankel (A. Frankel and Weichsel- 

 baum). Synonyms. Pneumococcus; diplococcus of pneu- 

 monia; micrococcus of sputum septicemia; Micrococcus 

 pasteuri; Diplococcus lanceolatus. 



Origin. A. Frankel found it in the sputum of pneumonic 

 patients, thinking it at first to be the micrococcus of sputum 

 septicemia; later he believed it to be the cause of pneu- 

 monia. 



Form. They were at first called oval cocci, but they are now 

 known to be rod-shaped, being somewhat longer than broad, 

 varying, however, much in size and shape. Usually found in 

 pairs, sometimes in filaments of three and four elements. In 

 the material from the body a capsule surrounds each rod. In 

 the artificial cultures this is not found. 



Properties. They are without self -movement; do not liquefy 

 gelatin. There are no spores. 



