200 ESSENTIALS OF BACTERIOLOGY 



twenty-four hours, the symptoms preceding death being those 

 of a severe septicemia. 



The bacillus is then found in the blood and viscera and the 

 intestinal discharges, the intestines presenting a hemorrhagic 

 inflammation. 



Guinea-pigs and sheep are immune. Mice and rabbits are 

 affected in the same manner as the fowls. 



Immunity. Pasteur, by injecting different-aged cultures into 

 fowls, produced in them only a local inflammation, and they 

 were then immune. But as the strength of these cultures could 

 not be estimated, many fowls died and the healthy ones were 

 endangered from the intestinal excretions, which is the chief 

 manner of infection naturally, the feces becoming mixed with 

 the food. 



Bacteria of Hemorrhagic Septicemia (Hueppe) . Under 

 this heading Hueppe has gathered a number of bacteria very 

 similar to the bacillus of chicken cholera, differing from it and 

 each other but very little. They have been described by various 

 observers and found in different diseases. 



The bacteria of this group color themselves strongly at the 

 poles, giving rise to the dumb-bell shape. They do not take 

 the Gram stain; they are without spores, and do not liquefy 

 gelatin. 



They have been placed in three general divisions: 

 'Wild plague (Hueppe). 

 German swine plague (Loffler, Schiitz). 



First division. 



Rabbit septicemia. 



Ox plague (Oresti-Armanni) . 

 ^ Steer plague (Kitt) . 

 The bacteria of the first division are not motile, do not grow 

 on potato, and are found scattered through the blood-vessels. 

 A local reaction is uncommon. 



C American swine plague (Billings) . 



c j 7- I French swine plague (Cornil and Chante- 

 becond division. < . 



messe) . 



L Frog plague (Eberth) . 

 Here the bacteria are motile. They grow on potatoes and 



