230 ESSENTIALS OF BACTERIOLOGY 



liquefaciens, Diplococcus flavus liquefaciens, and Ascobacillus 

 citreus. 



In colored sweat, Micrococcus haematoides, Bacillus pyocya- 

 neus. 



A diplococcus is found in acute pemphigus. 



The lepra bacillus, the tubercle bacillus in lupus, and the 

 typhoid bacillus in the eruption of typhoid fever are a few of 

 the specific germs found on the skin. 



The Conjunctiva. The micrococcus of trachoma, the 

 Koch- Weeks bacillus, considered to be the specific cause of 

 acute catarrhal conjunctivitis, or "pink eye," and the Bacillus 

 xerosis, are special germs found on the conjunctiva; the other 

 varieties of air- and water-organisms, and those usually 

 present on the skin, are also found. Loffler's bacillus and the 

 pneumococcus have been found in some forms of conjunctivitis. 

 The Koch-Weeks bacillus is the most contagious. 



A special diplobacillus, known as the bacillus of Morax- 

 Axenfeld, produces a stubborn form of conjunctivitis. 



The Mouth. The mouth is a favorite seat for the develop- 

 ment of bacteria. The alkaline saliva, the particles of food 

 left in the teeth, the decayed teeth themselves, all furnish 

 suitable soil for their growth. 



Quite a number of germs have been isolated and their prop- 

 erties partly studied. Many have some connection with the 

 production of caries of the teeth, as Miller has well shown in 

 his careful studies. The Leptothrix buccalis, found in nearly 

 all mouths, is a long chain or filamentous bacillus which stains 

 blue with iodin. It was formerly considered the cause of tartar 

 on the teeth. 



The Spirillum sputigenum, Spirochaeta dentium, Micrococcus 

 gingivae pyogenes, Bacillus dentalis viridans, Bacillus pulpae 

 pyogenes, micrococcus of sputum septicemia, and Micrococcus 

 salivarus septicus are a few of the germs cultivated by Miller 

 and Biondi from the mouth. Besides these, the pneumo- 

 bacteria, diphtheria bacillus, and tubercle bacillus are often 

 met with, the first two in the mouths of healthy persons. The 

 expired air in quiet respiration is free from bacteria, but in 



