Ml- I HODS OF APPLYING WATEH. 



have the lateral taken out of the main canal at a point 

 higher than the grade of the ground to be irrigated. A 

 practical example of this diversion of water is to be seen 

 in Figure 48, where a distributing gate diverts the canal 

 water through a lateral to the furrows of an orchard. 

 In garden and orchard work the character of the furrow 

 is orovenie.l largely by circumstances, and the kind of 



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FIG. 48. DISTRIBUTING GATES OF IRRIGATION CANAL. 



planting will largely govern one's actions in laying out 

 furrows. From a general head furrow smaller ones are 

 run at right or obtuse angles into the plantation. A 

 grade of one inch to the rod is usually sufficient, and an 

 orchard should be set with this end in view. In 

 the West we prefer to have the trees set closest together 

 in the north and south rows, so that one tree shades 



