CHAPTER XVII. 



WINDMILLS AND PUMPS. 



Devices almost innumerable are being tested and 

 employed for placing water on land, where canals cannot 

 be utilized, or are inadequate. Wind and water power 

 are of course the cheapest forces for this purpose, where 

 they can be relied upon. Hence the marked improve- 

 ment in windmills and water wheels. 



Presuming that all the low lands along the valleys 

 can be irrigated by the use of canals, the question of 

 upland irrigation becomes one of great importance. 

 Admitting that the water supply is sufficient for the 

 apparatus in use, we will suppose that a farmer desires 

 to irrigate five acres of land, with a possibility of ten, 

 from a one hundred foot well. To assure success for the 

 larger amount of land not less than a fourteen -foot wind- 

 mill should be purchased. A sixteen-foot would be bet- 

 ter. With either of these sizes, and a storage reservoir, 

 it will not be best to guarantee that over eight acres can 

 be irrigated, although there can be no doubt that with the 

 proper use of the water, keeping the mills constantly in 

 use, wetting down the land and completely saturating 

 the soil to the depth of six feet or more, and carefully 

 utilizing all sources of supply, ten acres can be irri- 

 gated from this depth by mills of either of these sizes ; 

 but only by the best of management, favorable condi- 

 tions and great care in the handling and distribution 

 of the water, will a fourteen-foot mill irrigate the last 

 amount given. In any event a storage reservoir at the 

 well is quite essential, and by its presence it is safe to 



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