WINDMILLS AND PUMPS. 249 



wind velocity will be eight to fifteen miles an hour. At 

 certain seasons, and again in some localities, the velocity 

 will equal fifteen to twenty miles an hour for eight to 

 twelve hours or more out of the twenty-four. 



Pumping windmills of the solid wheel type are 

 usually adjusted by regulating their governor, so as to 

 govern when the velocity of the wind reaches fifteen 

 miles an hour. This is to avoid injury to the pump by 

 preventing too rapid action of the pump valves. Back- 

 geared mills are an exception to this rule, being geared 

 back for the purpose of reducing the number of strokes 

 of the pump in proportion to the revolutions of the 

 wheel, so as to utilize the greater force of the wind 

 obtained by higher velocity than fifteen miles, and are 

 adjusted to govern at a considerable higher velocity than 

 ungeared mills. 



Twenty-seven thousand one hundred and fifty-four 

 gallons of water will cover one acre one inch in depth. 

 One horse power, with good machinery, will raise this 

 amount of water one foot high in ten minutes ; or ten 

 horse power will raise it in one minute. One horse 

 power would put one inch of water on one acre, elevated 

 twenty-five feet above the source, in four and one-sixth 

 hours. Ten horse power would do the same for ten 

 acres. Now from this we get the rule that, for one inch 

 of water on one acre of land, we must figure one horse 

 power for ten minutes for each foot in hight the water 

 must be raised. It may be more explicit to add that one 

 horse power is defined as the combined pulling strength 

 of four ordinary horses. In theory a horse power is 

 equal to 33,000 pounds lifted one foot high in one min- 

 ute of time. 



The Wind Rustler. A queer and simple con- 

 trivance this, and quite common in Western Kansas. 

 One of these odd arrangements to attract the curiosity 

 of the modern Don Quixotes of the plains is but poorly 



