260 



IRRIGATION FARMING. 



hundred gallons of water a minute to a hight of sixteen 

 feet. The same power .is sufficient to operate a five-inch 

 pump, which would raise seven thousand gallons a 

 minute. The cost of the wheel compared with what it 

 accomplishes is but a trifle. Labor and material, in- 

 cluding the pump on the Harvey plant, amounted to 

 81,200. As much of the work was experimental, it was 

 necessarily slow. A like plant can be put in for $800, 

 and most of the work can be done by the farmer. The 

 daily expense of operation is merely nominal, and it 

 requires no attendance except to oil the machinery 

 occasionally. 



The Hurdy-Gurdy. This is a late improvement 

 which is best illustrated in Figure 81, which shows the 

 runner only and does not include 

 the gearing. This wheel is of the 

 impulse and reaction class especially 

 adapted to high heads and mountain 

 streams. This cascade wheel has 

 been placed under heads as high as 

 seven hundred feet, and is capable 

 of utilizing head pressures as high 

 as 2,000 to 2,500 feet. The water 

 is admitted to the wheel by means of 

 nozzles projecting one or more jets, 

 which strike the circular ridge divid- 

 ing the water into equal portions, 

 passing into the buckets ; the buckets 

 alternating to the jet, the arrange- 

 ment giving ninety per cent of effi- 

 ciency. The gearing of this wheel 

 is easily applied to rotary or centrif- 

 ugal pumps, and water is raised in 

 this way. The turbine class of water 

 wheels operates upon a different principle. Turbines 

 are submerged entirely under the water, which gives 



no. 81. 



111! HUllDY-GUliDY. 



