CHAPTER XVIII. 



DEVICES, APPLIANCES AND CONTRIVANCES. 



There are innumerable devices in use in irrigating 

 operations, some of which may be of homemade con- 

 struction, and these the author will describe but briefly, 

 after having given the details for a city sewerage system 

 as applied to irrigation operations near several Western 

 cities. We include this reference to sewage in this 

 chapter not because it properly belongs herein, but from 

 the fact that space forbids a separate chapter devoted to 

 it and there is no other place in which it might properly 

 appear. 



In irrigation work the operator -needs first of all 

 tilings a pair of heavy rubber boots and a long-handled 

 round-pointed shovel. These might well constitute his 

 entire working outfit, and with a simple knowledge of 

 irrigation, as we have endeavored to present in the pre- 

 ceding pages, he is ready to do a day's work in any field 

 requiring the magic touch of the vivifying waters. 



A Sewage System. The rich fertilizing elements 

 of the city sewers may often be carried out upon garden 

 tracts, and there applied to the best possible advantage. 

 The writer will describe the system in vogue at Trinidad, 

 Colorado, which may answer for all. This sewer is con- 

 st ructed of eighteen-inch vitrified pipe laid to a grade of 

 two-tenths of a foot in one hundred feet to the mile, the 

 sewer having a velocity of 2.58 feet a second of time 

 when running full. The sewer, unfortunately, had to 

 cross the Las Animas river, which was accomplished by 

 the means of an inverted siphon made of sixteen-inch 



