IRRIGATION FARMING. 



laminated pipe, which consists of two thicknesses, is 

 used. This may be made of two pipes of such a size 

 that when placed one within the other there will be a 

 space of one-sixteenth of an inch between them, which 

 space is filled with asbestos, while the inner and outer 

 surfaces are coated with the same material; or it may be 

 made from one piece of sheet iron rolled so that it will 

 form a double thickness of iron. The elbows and T's 

 are of iron laid in cement. When used for irrigating small 

 fruits and vegetables, the laterals are placed twelve to. 

 twenty feet apart and the holes are at intervals of from 

 six to eight feet. 



Tiling. Scientists who have given thought to the 

 subject are agreed that, theoretically, sub-irrigation by 

 porous tiles is the ideal plan. The tiles may be made 

 porous by mixing sawdust with the mortar, which being 

 burned out in the baking process leaves the tiles porous 

 to the exact degree desired and prepared for in the mix- 

 ing. The first cost of laying a system of pipes has been 

 estimated at $400 an acre. The tiling has the advantage 

 of furnishing drainage when there is too much water in 

 the soil. The ground is first graded and leveled, and a 

 ditch is dug with plows and spades every rod or so, one 

 foot wide and two feet deep. In the bottom of this 

 ditch a row of four-inch drain tile is laid. A line is 

 used to keep the tile straight and true. They are placed 

 in the ditch as if they were intended for draining the 

 land. 



Six inches fall for every hundred feet is necessary. 

 The dirt is placed around the tiles by hand, until they 

 are sufficiently firm so as not to be displaced by filling 

 in with plow and shovel. If the soil is of a sandy nature, 

 it is necessary to have a piece of tin or galvanized iron 

 over the joints, to prevent the sand from filling in. The 

 tile is placed at least eighteen inches below the surface, 

 and is out of reach of the plow. The water is brought 



