1922] WOODARD—SOIL FERTILITY 97 



The subsoil has much less organic matter, but the proportion of 

 its other constituents is about the same as in the surface. The 

 surface soil is very high in volatile matter, sulphur, and phosphorus, 

 while the subsoil is very low in both sulphur and phosphorus. 



The Wisconsin soils, samples 10 and 11, are from near Beloit, 

 Wisconsin. They are fine sandy loams, dark brown on the surface 

 and a Kghter brown in the subsoil. In both samples the volatile 

 matter, sulphur, and phosphorus are higher in the surface soil than 

 in the subsoil. The sulphur content is low in both surface soil 

 and subsoil in both samples, but the phosphorus is good in the 

 surface soil of both samples, fair in the subsoil of sample 10, and 

 poor in the subsoil of sample 11. Both sulphur and phosphorus 

 are lower in the subsoil than the surface soil in both samples. 



The Indiana soil samples (nos. 12-18) were taken near Charles- 

 town, Clark County, Indiana. This region is underlain by Ume- 

 stone rock, but the rock has been covered by a thick layer of 

 windblown material, from which most of the soils were formed. All 

 the soils sampled were formed from this windblown material except 

 no. 12, which was taken on the bluff of a small stream where there 

 was considerable erosion. It seems that the erosion has removed 

 the greater part of the windblown material, and to a large extent 

 the soil is formed from the underlying Hmestone. This is probably 

 the reason why this sample resembles in general appearance and in 

 chemical composition the Kentucky soils rather than the adjacent 

 soils from the windblown material or loess. Sample 12 has a light 

 brown silt loam surface soil grading into a reddish yellow subsoil. 

 Like the other Indiana soils, the volatile matter and sulphur are low, 

 but the phosphorus is high like most of the Kentucky soils. 



The loessal soils include two types, the one with good natural 

 underdrainage and the other with poor drainage. The former, 

 which includes samples 15-18, is a yellow gray silt loam in the sur- 

 face soil and a yellow silt loam in the subsoil. The latter, which 

 includes samples 13 and 14, has a gray or sUghtly yellowish gray 

 silt loam surface soil underlain by a gray or gray and yellow mottled 

 silt loam subsoil. Both are poorly drained, but sample 13 is more 

 nearly level and has more gray color in both surface and subsoil. 

 All the samples from both types are low in volatile matter, sulphur, 



