244 THE SURVIVAL OF THE UNLIKE. [xi. 



has some particular value of its own. This variety may 

 be re -originated from seeds. Yet there are few, if any, 

 seedlings which are absolutely identical, and these re- 

 originations may constitute strains or sub -varieties 

 which possess unique value for certain purposes. The 

 types which possess the most synonyms are the strong- 

 est and most cosmopolitan, for, if the synonym comes 

 from a new origination, it indicates the power of the 

 type to perpetuate or renew itself; if it comes from the 

 subsequent variation of an old type — as the variation of 

 the Newtown Pippin into the Albemarle Pippin in Vir- 

 ginia and into the Five -Crowned Pippin in Australia — 

 it indicates that the type is sufficiently elastic to adapt 

 itself to wide differences of climate, and that if it re- 

 mains local in distribiition it is because of some exter- 

 nal or incidental hindrance, like the apple -scab in the 

 case of the Newtown Pippin above cited ; if it comes 

 from a local renaming, the synonym shows that the 

 variety is much prized in the community in which the 

 name was given ; or, if the synonym is made by a 

 nurseryman for purposes of trade — a practice which I 

 believe to be much less common than is generally sup- 

 posed — it is still a testimonial to the merits of the 

 variety. 



