XVI.] THE APPLE FLORAS. 283 



them to be nearer the New York apples in type than 

 the Wisconsin apples are, but we should notice a 

 decided influence of European types. 



From 50 to 60 per cent of the varieties of Illinois 

 and Washington in the above lists are in the New 

 York list, yet the apples of Illinois and Washington 

 are much unlike; and here we come upon a subject 

 to which nurserymen should give particular attention. 

 While Illinois grows many New York varieties, the 

 leading kinds of the Illinois -Missouri region are dif- 

 ferent from the leading kinds in the east. The realm 

 of the Baldwin, Rhode Island Greening, King and 

 Hubbardston is practically bounded by Lake Michigan 

 on the west, and we pass southwestward into the area 

 of Ben Davis, Willow Twig, Winesap and Janet, and 

 northwestward into the domain of Duchess, Wealthy 

 and Wolf River. But in the far northwest — Idaho, 

 Oregon, Washington — the leading types are drawn 

 from both the east and the Illinois -Missouri region, 

 with the greater part representing admirable but 

 somewhat local apples in New York state, as New- 

 town Pippin, Blue Pearmain, White Winter Pearmain, 

 Esopus Spitzenburgh, Swaar, to which must be added, 

 from the prairie region, Rome Beauty, Ben Davis, 

 Winesap and Janet, But the similarity of this 

 remote apple flora to eastern floras ends with the 

 names of the varieties, for the apples themselves are 

 very unlike ours. They have been modified by cli- 

 mate until they are larger, longer and more conical, 

 frequently marked by prominent ridges at the apex, 

 less firm in flesh and often somewhat inferior in qual- 

 ity. To all intents and purposes many of them are 

 distinct varieties from their parents in the east, and 



