284 THE SURVIVAL OF THE UNLIKE, [XVI. 



they afford as distinct and unequivocal cases of evo- 

 lutionary modification as the most hypercritical can 

 wish to see. The Newtown Pippin affords one of 

 the best instances of rapid modification of any Ameri- 

 can fruit. It has always been a local and captious 

 apple in New York state, where it originated, yet 

 in the Piedmont region of Virginia it is the leading 

 apple, known as the Albemarle Pippin ; in the far 

 northwest it is again the leading apple over a great 

 territory, and in New South Wales, under the name 

 of Five -Crowned Pippin, it is still again a dominant 

 variety. Yet iu each of these four geographical 

 regions the variety attains a specific character which 

 it does not possess in the others. The Albemarle 

 Pippin differs from the true Newtown in a less heavy 

 and somewhat poorer flesh and in poorer keeping 

 qualities ; and you can all compare the enormous deep 

 yellow, softer, angular -topped specimens of the Pacific 

 northwest and New South Wales with those of New 

 York. Reviewing these calculations, we find three 

 prominent facts : The whole body of the Wisconsin - 

 Minnesota apple flora is different from that of New 

 York ; the prominent types of the Illinois-Missouri 

 region are different from the prominent types of New 

 York, while many secondary varieties are the same 

 in both ; the apples of the Pacific northwest, while 

 transplanted from the east, have developed away 

 from their parent stems. 



The entire horticultural exhibition seems to force 

 conclusions similar to these upon my mind, and it 

 greatly strengthens the conviction which has been 

 strongly growing upon me in recent years, that the 

 study of the adaptation of varieties to geographical and 



