XIX.] NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN SEEDLINGS. 327 



gathered from the Rocky Mountains and thereabouts 

 are as hardy as red pine with him." Nurserymen in 

 Scotland find that young Pinus sylvestris raised from 

 German seeds become ' ' browned and scorched ' ' in 

 winter, and especially in the frosty breezes of early 

 spring, while plants of the same age grown from seed 

 gathered in the vicinity are not injured.* 



But we need not draw all our examples of this 

 sort from plants in wild nature. The four following 

 plants are known in the given localities only in a 

 condition of cultivation or as escapes from cultiva- 

 tion : "" Salix Bahylonica from the Euphrates is ten- 

 der, while that from the Volga is hardy ; Populus 

 dilatata from Italy is short-lived and tender, while 

 that from east Europe is perfect ; Spirma callosa from 

 France kills back each year, while that from Russia 

 is hardy; SaUsbnria (Ginkgo) adiantifolia from China 

 is tender, while that of west Asia is hardy. "t "As 

 an example of a variety being hardier than the spe- 

 cies, we may cite the Magnolm grandiflora var. Exoni- 

 ensis, which will retain its leaves uninjured during 

 winters cold enough to destroy young branches of the 

 species in its immediate vicinity, "t This variety 

 Exoniensis is an English cultural seed variety. 



Essentially the same phenomena occur in the case 

 of the apple. Trees from the central plain of 

 Russia are said to be more hardy on our western 

 prairies than are those from the coast of Russia and 

 from other parts of Europe. The same is true of 

 other plants. In this instance we are not able to re- 



* William Saunders in U. S. Dept. Agr. Rep. 1877, 50. See also Darwin, Ani- 

 mals and Plants under Domestication, ii. 373 Amec. Ed. 

 t Professor J. L. Budd, in Prairie Farmer. 

 X William Saunders 1. c. 



